Foliar application of chitosan activates artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua L. |
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Authors: | Caiyan Lei Dongming Ma Gaobin Pu Xiaofang Qiu Zhigao DuHong Wang Guofeng LiHechun Ye Benye Liu |
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Institution: | a Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, China b College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China c Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China |
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Abstract: | There has been much interest in artemisinin owing to its excellent activity against malaria, an infectious disease threatening the tropical world. However, the low artemisinin content (0.01-0.8%, DW) in Artemisia annua, which is the only commercial source of artemisinin, makes artemisinin expensive to produce and not yet available on a global scale. Here we show that foliar application of 100 mg l−1 chitosan improved artemisinin biosynthesis in A. annua. The content of dihydroartemisinic acid and artemisinin in chitosan-treated leaves increased by 72% and 53% compared with control values, respectively. Chitosan induced the expression of ADS and DBR2, which could explain the increase in level of artemisinic metabolites. After chitosan treatment, the amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2−) in leaves of A. annua were 1.4 and 3.0 times higher than those of the control, respectively. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) probably accelerated the conversion of dihydroartemisinic acid to artemisinin. Foliar application of 100 mg l−1 chitosan had no harmful effect on A. annua growth. The simple method described here could be an effective method to improve artemisinin production in A. annua field cultivation. |
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Keywords: | ADS amorpha-4 11-diene synthase APX ascorbate peroxidase CAT catalase CPY71AV1 cytochrome P450 monooxygenase DBR2 artemisinic aldehyde reductase DMAPP dimethylallyl diphosphate DW dry weight DXS d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase" target="_blank">1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase DXR d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase" target="_blank">1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase FPS farnesyl diphosphate synthase FW fresh weight H2O2 hydrogen peroxide HMGR 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase IPP isopentenyl diphosphate ISPH Artemisia annua IPP/DMAPP synthase gene MEP d-erythritol-4-phosphate" target="_blank">2-C-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate MVA mevalonic acid O2&minus superoxide anion POD peroxidase ROS reactive oxygen species SOD superoxide dismutase |
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