基于机会成本的农产品禁产区农业生态补偿标准探讨——以湘潭市为例

合理确定生态补偿标准是构建生态补偿机制的关键。通过湘潭市柴山、山湖、齐力和先进村(包括部分外围村落)调查,应用机会成本法确定了湘潭市开展农产品禁产区划分试点乡村的机会成本;以农产品禁产的年度机会成本损失为基础,按照年度补偿的原则,并综合考虑农民的补偿意愿与政府财政情况,最后确定农业生态补偿标准。结果表明:受访的大部分农民基本能够认识到土壤重金属污染对农产品质量与安全所产生的影响,但大部分受访的农户又均不愿意接受农产品禁产区划分;绝大多数受访者对农业生态补偿方式倾向于现金补偿;初步计算的生态补偿标准为3 256.14元/667m~2,基本处于农户比较满意而且政府也可以承受的范围,这为具体实施重金属污染区禁产补偿提供了可靠的依据。

Discussion on Agricultural Ecological Compensation Standard Based on the Opportunity Cost of Agricultural Products-Take Xiangtan City as an Example

Reasonably determining the ecological compensation standard is the key to construct the ecological compensation mechanism. Through the investigation in Chaishan, Shanhu, Qili and Xianjinvillage (including some outlying villages), determined the opportunity cost of Xiangtan city to carry out the division of the pilot rural areas of prohibition of agricultural production by using opportunity cost method; based on annual opportunity cost loss of prohibition of agricultural products, in accordance with the principle of annual compensation, and comprehensively considered the farmers' willingness to compensate and the ifnancial situation of the government, then ifnally determined the standard of agricultural ecological compensation.The results showed that most of the farmers interviewed were able to understand the impact of heavy metal pollution on the quality and safety of agricultural products, but most of the interviewed farmers were not willing to accept agricultural production division;the vast majority of respondents tended to cash compensation for agricultural ecological compensation; preliminary calculation of ecological compensation standard was 48 842 yuan/hm2(RMB), based on famers’ satisfaction and the range of the government can pay for, this provided a reliable basis for the implementation of prohibition of agricultural productscompensation in heavy metal pollution zone.