对比观测地面最高温度新方法研究

对地面最高温度和最高气温观测方法对比以及实际观测数据进行分析,解释造成自动站与人工对比观测地面最高温度常出现较大误差的根本原因,得出合理结论,并从安装方法进行改进,研究新的观测方法,从而减小日照影响因素,实现误差的减小,进一步提高观测数据准确度。结果表明,自动站铂电阻温度计和水银温度表材质及表面光滑程度的不同,导致对日照的反照率和吸收率不同,从而引起自动站和人工观测产生较大误差。铂电阻温度计受太阳辐射影响严重。利用＂百叶箱＂方法,可以有效地消除仪器受日照影响,获得更准确的观测数据。解决的方案是：模拟最高气温观测方法,通过模拟百叶箱效果,屏蔽太阳辐射,在不影响铂电阻温度计和水银温度表感应部分周围土壤正常吸收太阳辐射的情况下,使2种采集仪器避免太阳辐射影响,正常感应地面温度;或在温度计和温度表感热部分盖上一层薄的观测场土壤,即可使采集器和地表获得更相近的反照率和更接近地表的吸热特性,从而获得更精确的观测值,提高观测质量。

Comparative Study on New Method for Observing Ground Maximum Temperature

With maximum temperature and maximum temperature of the ground observation method comparison and analysis of observational data,and using the knowledge of electromagnetism to explain cause auto-contrast observation ground station and manual maximum temperature error is often the root cause of a larger,draw reasonable conclusions,and study new methods of observation.The results indicated that: the most important factors causing large errors are automatically stops platinum resistance thermometer and the mercury thermometer and a smooth surface material led to the different levels of sunlight in different albedo and absorption,causing large automatic stations and manual observation error.Platinum resistance thermometer seriously affected by solar radiation.Several solutions were put forward: a.The maximum temperature observed simulation method,by simulating the effect of thermometer screen,shielding solar radiation,without affecting the platinum resistance thermometer and mercury thermometer sensor part of the normal absorption of solar radiation in the soil around the case,making the two collection devices,to avoid solar radiation,the normal surface temperature sensor;b.Thermometer in the acquisition and covered with a thin layer of thermal part of the observation field can make the collection of soil and surface albedo for more similar and closer to the surface of the heat-absorbing properties,to obtain more accurate observations.