不同水平植物油对肉牛生产性能·胴体和牛肉品质的影响

目的]通过在日粮中添加不同水平的混合植物油,研究植物油对肉牛生产性能、胴体和牛肉品质的影响。方法]采用单因子随机区组设计,选择体重相近、健康的延边黄牛（公牛）16头,将豆油、红花油和葵花油,按55%、25%和20%的比例混合,分别以4%、5%、6%（以精料为基础）水平添加于肉牛日粮中,研究不同水平植物油对肉牛生产性能、胴体和牛肉品质的影响。结果]与对照组相比,植物油组采食量显著降低（P〈0.05）;饲料利用率植物油组均高于对照组,但差异不显著（P〉0.05）;植物油组粗纤维和钙的消化率显著降低（P〈0.05）;随着植物油水平的增加,干物质消化率呈下降趋势,6%植物油组显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）;添加植物油对粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、无氮浸出物和磷的消化率影响不显著（P〉0.05）。血清高密度脂蛋白含量随着植物油水平的提高呈上升趋势,6%植物油组显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）;总胆固醇含量呈上升趋势,低密度脂蛋白含量呈下降趋势（P〉0.05）;血清其他指标含量不产生明显变化。植物油组眼肌面积和肉质等级均高于对照组,粗蛋白和粗脂肪的含量随着植物油水平的增加而增加。结论]日粮添加不同水平的混合植物油降低了肉牛的采食量、粗纤维和钙的消化率,但对肉牛的生产性能无显著影响,增加了眼肌面积,提高了肉质等级,使胴体和牛肉品质得到提高。日粮添加混合植物油的比例不宜过高,可控制在日粮精料的5%以内。

Effects of Different Levels of Mixed Plant Oils on Production Performance, Carcass and Beef Quality in Beef Cattle

Objective] To study the effects of mixed plant oils on production performance,carcass and beef quality in beef cattle.Method] Single-factor randomized blocks design was used.Sixteen healthy Yanbian yellow cattle(bulls) having close body weight were selected and randomly divided into four groups,four cattle per group.Bean oil,safflower oil and sunflower oil were mixed respectively at a proportion of 55%,25% and 20%.The oil blend was added to the daily feed of beef cattle respectively at a proportion of 4%,5% and 6%.The effects of different levels of mixed plant oils on production performance,carcass and beef quality were investigated.Result] Compared with the control group,the plant oil groups had significantly higher feed intake(P<0.05),non-significantly higher efficiency of feed utilization,and significantly lower digestive rate of coarse fiber and calcium(P<0.05).With the increasing levels of plant oils,the digestive rate of dry matter showed a decreasing trend.The digestive rate of dry matter was significantly lower in the plant oil group at a level of 6% than in the control group(P<0.05).The plant oil had no effect on the digestive rate of crude protein,ether extract,crude ash,nitrogen-free extract and phosphorus.With the increasing levels of plant oils,the serum content of high-density lipoprotein showed an increasing trend.The serum content of high-density lipoprotein was significantly higher in the plant oil group at a level of 6% than in the control group(P<0.05).With the increasing levels of plant oils,the content of total cholesterol showed an increasing trend,whereas the content of low-density lipoprotein showed a decreasing trend.Moreover,other indicators did not change significantly.The plant oil groups had larger eye muscle area and better beef quality than the control group.The content of crude protein and ether extract in beef increased with the increasing levels of plant oils.Conclusion] The mixed plant oils added to the daily feed decreases intake and digestive rate of coarse fiber and calcium but have no remarkable effect on production performance of beef cattle.The addition also increases eye muscle area and improves beef quality,thereby improving quality of carcass and beef.The proportion of the mixed plant oils should be added at a proportion lower than 5%.