湘西北山区人工防雹作业个例分析

选取湖南省人工防雹重点试验区湘西北张家界市2006～2009年的2个典型人工防雹作业个例,对冰雹云的形成、冰雹云雷达定量判别指标、人工防雹催化方法和作业效果评估等环节进行了详细分析与介绍,对跨区域开展人工防雹作业展开了探讨。结果表明,多单体风暴是湘西北山区人工防雹作业的重要对象,雷达定量判别冰雹云、提前作业和防止各单体间合并是人工防雹作业成功的关键,过量催化（用弹量）是要特别引起注意的技术问题,效果评估是不能忽略的重要环节。区域冰雹联防除开展雷达预警和资料共享外,在炮点设置和防雹作业时都要充分考虑下游地区。使用这套方法在湘西北地区已开展了5年时间的人工防雹作业实践,获得了良好的人工防雹效果和显著经济社会效益。

A Case Study of Hail Suppression Operation in the Mountainous Areas of Northwestern Hunan

Two typical examples of hail suppression operation were selected from 2006 to 2009 in Zhangjiajie City,one of the important experimental areas on hail suppression operation in northwestern Hunan.The formation of hail cloud,the quantitative identification index of hail cloud by radar,the methods and effect evaluation of cloud seeding for hail suppression were introduced and analyzed in detail,cross-regional hail suppression operation was also studied.The results showed that multi-cell storm is the important target of hail suppression operation in the mountainous areas of northwestern Hunan,and that the keys to successful hail suppression were the quantitative identification of hail cloud by radar,early action and the prevention of the combination between the cell storms.The results also revealed that over seeding(the application amount of shells) should be paid special attention to,that the effect evaluation of cloud seeding for hail suppression was an important part and couldn't be ignored.In addition,besides early warning of Doppler radar and information sharing,full consideration should be given to the downstream areas during selecting spots and operation in regional joint of hail suppression.By using this set of operational methods for hail suppression,5 years of good effect on hail suppression and significant socioeconomic performance were obtained in the mountain areas of northwestern Hunan.