红壤降雨入渗动态研究

[目的]为进一步研究不同处理模式的滞洪消峰效应打下基础。[方法]于2001～2005年设置百喜草全园覆盖、横坡套种作物、果园清耕和全园裸露(对照)4种处理,分析天然降雨时红壤的水分入渗量(包括植被截留的部分降雨)和水分入渗过程。[结果]百喜草全园覆盖处理各年水分入渗系数变化不大,果园清耕和全园裸露处理的水分入渗系数变化比较明显。4种处理春、夏季的水分入渗量远大于秋、冬季。4种处理4～8月的水分入渗差异很明显。百喜草全园覆盖处理是对照的1.5倍,横坡套种作物处理是对照的1.4倍,果园清耕处理是对照的1.1倍。[结论]4种处理红壤的水分入渗能力大小顺序为百喜草全园覆盖>横坡套种作物>果园清耕>全园裸露。

Study on the Infiltration Dynamic of Rainfall in Red Soil

[Objective] The purpose was to lay a foundation for further researching the flood retention and peak elimination effects of different process modes.[Method] Four treatments of covering the whole orchard with Bahia grass,interplanting crops on the transverse slope,orchard clean tillage and baring the whole orchard(CK) were set up to analyze the water infiltration amount(including the part rainfall intercepted by vegetation) and process in red soil while raining naturally in 2001~2005.[Result] The annual water infiltration coefficient in the treatment of covering the whole orchard with Bahia grass changed little and that in treatments of orchard clean tillage and baring the whole orchard changed more obviously.The water infiltration amount in the four treatments in spring and summer were far bigger than that in autumn and winter.The water infiltration difference among the four treatments from April to August was very obvious and the water infiltration amount in the treatment of covering the whole orchard with Bahia grass was 1.5 times of CK,that in the treatment of interplanting crops on the transverse slope was 1.4 times of CK and that in the treatment of orchard clean tillage was 1.1 times of CK.[Conclusion] The water infiltration capacity of red soil in the four treatments in order was covering the whole orchard with Bahia grass > interplanting crops on the transverse slope > orchard clean tillage > baring the whole orchard.