新疆棉花播种-开花期低温冷害的初步判断

参考新疆不同棉区地膜栽培棉花的气候减产年方面的研究，结合各监测点的农业气象资料和单产资料，初步研究不同棉区棉花播种-开花期低温冷害判别的气象指标。结果表明：当北疆棉区6月月平均气温距平≤-0．5℃，南疆棉区5—6月气温持续偏低且月气温距平均≤-0．5℃、或棉花的开花日期滞后，其中喀什棉区棉花开花期比常年晚5d以上，石河子棉区、博州、巴州和阿克苏棉区晚3d以上时、或当6—8月中至少有两个月的月气温为负距平、且6—8月的平均气温距平在0～-0．4℃时，就可能出现一般气候减产年。而当6—8月各月的气温距平均为负值，且其平均气温距平≤-0．5℃时，就可能出现严重的气候减产年。研究结果为当地棉花生产防灾减灾提供参考。

Preliminary Estimation of Low Temperature Injury of Cotton from Sowing Stage to Blooming Stage in Xinjiang Autonomous Region

Based on the data of the meteorology and cotton yields, the meteorological indexes for the estimation of low temperature injury of cotton from sowing stage to blooming stage in Xinjiang Autonomous Region were studied preliminarily. The results showed that the cotton yields were likely to reduce in term of the pattern of the climatic year, as the departure of average temperature in June in Northern Xinjiang was with ≤ -0.5℃ , the temperature in May and June kept a continuous low and the departure of average temperature was with ≤ -0.5℃ in Southern Xinjiang, or as the blooming stage delayed, such as delayed over five days in Kashi, and over three days in Shihezi, Bozhou, Bazhou and Akesu arrears, or as the departure of average temperature from June to August are between 0 and-0.4℃ and the departure of average temperature within at least tow months was negative. The cotton yields were likely to reduce seriously, as the departure of average temperature from June to August was below - 0.5℃ and the monthly departure of average temperature from June to August was negative.