适度放牧对林间草原植物形态特征及生物多样性的影响

本研究通过对伊犁巩留县东部保护区适度放牧和无放牧的山地草本植物群落样方的调查，对植株生长周期、株高、生长型、是否有刺、茎性质、叶大小6个形态特征植物的数量进行统计，并计算4个多样性指数：Simpson指数，Shannon Wiener指数，Brillouin指数和Fager指数，从而得到适度放牧对该山区草地生态系统生物多样性的影响。结果表明，(1) 适度放牧样地内，各种形态性状植物的数量都较无牧样地有所提高，其中中等型、直立、无刺、草本以及木本植物数量显著增多（P=0.048，P=0.017，P=0.019，P=0.016，P=0.045），其余性状植物的数量增加不显著。 (2)适度放牧条件下低海拔植被的丰富度，多度较无牧样地均有所提高，Simpson指数和 Shannon wiener指数均有显著的提高（P=0.028，P=0.003）。综上所述，本研究结果能为西天山国家级自然保护区的建设管理提供一定理论参考。

Effects of grazing on the morphological characteristics and biodiversity of the forest steppe in Yili

In order to evaluate the influence of grazing on the plant biodiversity of grassland ecosystems, the quadrats with or without grazing in the forest steppe were investigate in Gongliu County, Yili. Six morphological characteristics indices including lifespan, height, growth form, spinescence, stem nature and leaf size were recorded and four biodiversity indices including Simpson, Shannon-Wiener, Brillouin and Fager index were calculated. The results showed that the number of species in the grazing plots increased compared with no grazing plots, especially the number of Medium, Erect, None Spinescence, Herbaceous and Woody significantly increased (P0.05). In the low altitude plots, both vegetation richness and abundance in the grazing plots increased compared with no grazing plots which had significantly higher (P0.05) Simpson and Shannon-Wiener index. The present study can provide some references for the construction of the nature reserve in Western Tianshan Mountains.