华北平原粮饲复合种植模式

构建生产饲料为主、满足养殖业需求的高效种植制度,可以加速种养生产高效耦合,从而解决华北平原种养一体规模化农业园区中优质粗饲料不足和农田种植模式单一等问题。本研究采用田间试验和实验室测定的方法,构建不同粮饲复合种植模式,并比较其生产效果、光能利用效率、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、粗蛋白(CP)、粗纤维(CF)营养产量及总能量(GE)产量和净能(NE)产量。结果表明,春玉米(Zea mays)-夏玉米与传统冬小麦(Triticum aestivum)-夏玉米(CK)相比,全年干物质产量增加了5.95%,光能生产效率、温度生产效率和年总辐射利用率分别提高了52.00%、49.55%和56.25%。高丹草(Sorghum vulgare×S. sudanense)-黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum)、春玉米-黑麦草和春玉米‖苜蓿(Medicago sativa)具有较高干物质产量、营养产量及能量产量,而且光能利用效率也较高。高丹草-黑麦草的CP产量比春玉米-黑麦草、春玉米‖苜蓿和春玉米-夏玉米分别高65.92%、80.65%和132.03%;高丹草-黑麦草的NE产量比CK高21.63%,比春玉米-夏玉米和春玉米-黑麦草分别高21.50%和24.08%。综合分析得出,春玉米-夏玉米、高丹草-黑麦草、春玉米-黑麦草和春玉米‖苜蓿模式可作为传统冬小麦-夏玉米种植制度的重要补充,是适合华北平原种养一体规模化农业发展的高效种植制度。

Study on compound cropping systems of food and forage in North China Plain

The shortage of high quality roughage has become the limited factors in the large-scale mixed farm in North China Plain. The present study constructed the compound cropping systems which adapt to the demands of the livestock and improve the productivity of the mixed farm, and also can provide the scientific basic for cropping structure adjustment. According to the practice, seven compound cropping systems were built with food and forage crops. Combined field experiment and laboratory measurement, the production effect, the light energy use efficiency and the yields of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), general energy (GE), net energy (NE) of these seven systems were compared. Compared with the compound cropping system of winter wheat-summer maize (CK), the yields of dry matter production of the compound cropping system of spring maize-summer maize increased 5.95%, the light energy use efficiency, temperature efficiency and the radiation use efficiency of whole year in this system increased 52.00%, 49.55%, 56.25%, respectively. The nutrient and energy yields of the compound cropping system of sorghum sudangrass-ryegrass were the highest, and also had the higher light use efficiency. Compared with the systems of spring maize-ryegrass, spring maize intercropping alfalfa and spring maize-summer maize, the yield of CP of the compound cropping system of sorghum sudangrass-ryegrass increased 65.92%, 80.65% and 132.03%, respectively. The yield of NE of the compound cropping system of sorghum sudangrass-ryegrass increased 21.63% compared with CK, and increased 21.50% and 24.08%, compared with the systems of spring maize-summer maize and spring maize-ryegrass. The cropping systems of spring maize-summer maize, sorghum sudangrass-ryegrass, spring maize-ryegrass and spring maize intercropping alfalfa were the important supplement cropping systems of winter wheat-summer maize, and also adapted to the development of the mixed farm in North China Plain, with high-yielding and high light use efficiency cropping systems.