天山自然遗产地亚高山草甸放牧管理方式比较

以天山自然遗产地喀拉峻亚高山草甸为研究对象,2014年7月底到8月初,研究了现有不同管理方式——禁牧、限牧和放牧对草地植物群落和土壤的影响。结果表明,与放牧区相比,禁牧区物种总数、植被盖度和地上生物量显著提高(P<0.05),而α物种多样性水平则没有显著变化(P>0.05);而限牧区草地不仅植物群落种类最为丰富、α物种多样性最高,植被盖度和地上生物量也与禁牧区接近。禁牧导致草地土壤养分含量下降,不同放牧方式下草地土壤养分含量总体呈放牧>限牧>禁牧变化趋势。因此,在喀拉峻自然遗产地现有的3种管理方式中,禁牧并非是最好的草地恢复方式,限牧是相对可行的管理方式。

Comparison of different grazing systems on subalpine meadow of tianshan Natural Heritage

With exceptional diversity of species, Kalajun subalpine meadow is part of the Tianshan World Heritage Sites. At the end of July to early August 2014, the effect of three current grazing systems——Banning Grazing, Limiting Grazing and Grazing, on plant communities and soil nutrients were studied. And the results showed that: compared with Grazing area, the Banning Grazing area has notable higher total plant species number, vegetation coverage and aboveground biomass (P<0.05), while there was no significant change on species diversity of the community (P>0.05). Moreover, the Limiting Grazing area not only has most abundant plant species and the highest species diversity, the value of vegetation cover and aboveground biomass were also very close to the Banning Grazing area. Banning Grazing decreased the soil nutrient level, and generally, the soil nutrient level was the highest at Grazing area and the lowest at Banning Grazing area. Therefore, the Banning Grazing is not the best way to recover the subalpine meadow, and the Limiting Grazing is comparatively better on sustainable management of Kalajun subalpine meadow.