基于PSR模型的青海湖流域生态环境保护效果评价

由于受人类活动与自然环境变化等综合因素的影响,青海湖流域内生态环境的调节和自我恢复能力大幅下降,流域生态安全问题严重。本研究利用2002-2010年的MODIS NDVI产品、青海湖流域气象数据、流域社会数据构建了压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型,对青海湖流域生态环境保护效果进行评价研究。在此基础上,利用层次分析法分析了青海湖流域自然资源和社会资源数据,结果显示:1)2002-2008年,青海湖流域生态环境保护形势严峻,植被退化面积是植被恢复面积的2倍以上。2008-2010年,环境治理工程实施之后,恶化形势有所缓解,恶化面积减少至与植被恢复面积持平。2)实施治理工程之后,青海湖流域的生态环境有所好转,但是局部地区生态环境仍处于退化状态,甚至有恶化趋势。天峻县和共和县分别有3 415.36和2 324.57km2地区出现警戒状态,分别占当地陆地面积的25%和38%。较严重的是,海晏县有284.98km2地区的生态安全处于重度危险状态,占当地陆地面积的18%,剩余地区都处于轻度危险状态。根据青海湖流域生态环境安全指数评价研究,提出了减缓生态环境恶化的可行性措施和改进环境治理规划的建议。

Effects of ecological environmental protection in Qinghai Lake basin based on PSR model

Due to human activities and the effects of natural factors such as environmental changes,ecological environmental regulation and self-recovery capability in Qinghai Lake basin,the ecological security problem was become seriously.Using MODIS NDVI product,meteorological data of four counties in Qinghai Lake basin and social data in 2010,this study built a “pressure-state-response (PSR)”model to evaluate the effect of the ecological environment protection of Qinghai Lake basin between 2002 and 2010.On this basis,this study extracted 1 1 natural resources and social resources data in Qinghai Lake basin to analyze the composite index by the analytic hierarchy process.The main conclusions are as follows.The ecological environment protection of Qinghai Lake basin was in serious condition,vegetation degradation area was more than 2 times of vegetation restoration area between 2002 and 2010.After the implementation of environmental engineering from 2008 to 2010,the situation was on the turn and the deterioration area reduced to the same as the vegetation restoration area.The ecological environment of Qinghai Lake basin had improved,but the regional ecological environment was still in degradation,or even worsen.The 3 415.36 km2 area of Tianjun County was in alert status.The 2 324.57 km2 area of Gonghe County was in alert status.They occupied a land area of 25% and 38%,respec-tively.More serious situation was found in Haiyan County,where 284.98 km2 area region was in severe danger of ecological security and occupying a land area of 1 8%,the rest was in a state of mild risk.Finally,according to the results of evaluation,we put forward some suggestions to slow the progress of the ecological environ-ment deterioration and improve the environmental governance planning advice.