橡胶树寒害气象等级研究

用我国云南、海南、广东三省主要橡胶种植区内11个气象站建站的2008年11月至次年3月逐日气象资料以及橡胶寒害灾情史料,开展橡胶树寒害等级的研究,为规范橡胶树寒害调查、统计和评估业务提供参考。根据橡胶树寒害的特点,提出橡胶树平流型低温天气过程、辐射型低温天气过程的概念,给出了橡胶树平流型寒害、辐射型寒害和混合型寒害的明确定义,并用极端最低气温、最大降温幅度、寒害持续日数、辐射型积寒、平流型积寒和最长平流寒害过程的持续日数共6个致灾因子,构建寒害指数。依据寒害指数的大小,将橡胶树寒害分为轻度、中度、重度、特重四个等级。同时给出了橡胶树遭受不同寒害等级时可能导致的橡胶干胶减产率和橡胶树受害率的参考值。

Classification of Chilling Injury in Hevea Rubber Based on Meteorological Conditions

Chilling injury and meteorological data from 11 surveying stations in three rubber-planting provinces were collected to study the occurrence of chilling injury and its classification on rubber tree.This will provide a reference in surveying,statistics and assessing the chilling injury of natural rubber trees.It presents several concepts describing the durations of advection cooling climate and radiative cooling climate and defines three Hevea chilling injury from advection type,radiative type and mixture respectively.To classify the levels of chilling injury,an assessing index involving in extreme low temperature,cooling range,days of chilling injury,accumulative temperatures from advection cooling climate and radiative cooling climate and days of the longest duration from advection cooling climate was founded to divide Hevea chilling injury into four grades(light,medium,heavy and severe).Reference data from study on chilling grades may result in dry rubber loss and tree damage are presented as well.