2001-2016年以来马铃薯生产成本结构及其变化趋势研究

马铃薯作为主粮推广,关键是提高产量,增加其对主粮结构的贡献,这需要降低马铃薯的生产成本,提高种植收益,刺激农民的种植积极性。分析21世纪以来马铃薯生产成本的变化路径发现：马铃薯生产总成本增长迅速,在生产成本中,化肥和租赁作业费用的增长对物质与服务费用的增长贡献最大；人工成本中工价增长迅速,但外部雇工天数有减少的趋势。在分析的基础上提出,马铃薯生产的间接成本下降空间有限,须依托技术创新,推进机械化作业,扩大良种补贴等惠农政策覆盖马铃薯等方面,控制马铃薯生产成本,真正提高农民收益从而扩大种植,推动马铃薯主粮化发展进程。同时应鼓励使用农家肥,健全农业生态环境补偿制度,促进农业生产可持续发展。

Research on Potato Production Cost Structure and Its Variation Tendency from 2001 to 2016

Abstract: To popularize potatoes as staple food, the key is to increase the output and its contribution to the structure of staple food，which requires reducing the production cost and increasing the income of planting potato, in order to stimulate farmers' interesting for planting. Based on the analysis of the change path of potato production cost from 2001 to 2016, this paper found that the gross production cost of potatoes increases rapidly. among the production costs, the increase of chemical fertilizer and rental operation cost is the largest; the labor cost increases rapidly, but the number of days of external employees tends to decrease. On the conclusions, the paper proposes that the indirect cost reduction space of potato production is limited. It is necessary to innovate technology, promote mechanized operation, expand the scope of subsidies for improved varieties, in order to control the production cost of potatoes, improve the compensation system for agricultural ecological environment by encouraging farmers to use Organic fertilizer, to promote the sustainable development of agricultural production and furfure promote the development process of the main grain of potatoes.