牛鞭草属种质资源及育种研究

牛鞭草属植物分布较广,种类较多,全世界有近20个种,我国有4个种,即:扁穗牛鞭草(Hemarthria compressa)、牛鞭草(H.altissima)、长花牛鞭草(H.longiflora)、小牛鞭草(H.protensa).牛鞭草属资源大多数是优良牧草,在许多国家都开展了资源收集和新品种培育工作,中国育成了"广益" 、"重高"2个品种,美国育成了著名的Redalta, Greenalta, Bigalta, Floralta等4个品种,这些品种在亚热带湿润区草地畜牧业中发挥着重要作用.笔者结合多年的研究工作,对国内外牛鞭草种质资源的分类、分布、杂交育种、遗传多样性研究进展情况和新品种培育工作进行了总结和探讨,以便为牛鞭草资源的进一步研究利用提供参考依据.

Hemarthria germplasm resources and breeding

Hemarthria is widely distributed with about 20 species globally. There are 4 species in China, namely Hemarthria compressa , H. altissima , H. longiflora , and H. protensa . Most Hemarthria species are good forages, and many countries have developed germplasm collections and are cultivating new varieties. China has released two varieties, namely "Guangyi" and "Chonggao". Four well-known varieties bred by American breeders are Redalta, Greenalta, Bigalta, and Floralta. These varieties are important in pastoral livestock production in humid subtropical zones. For the Hemarthria germplasm resource, this paper summarises and discusses national and international research progress on its taxonomy, distribution, crossbreeding, and genetic diversity, as well as work on cultivating new varieties, providing information for further research.