黄土高塬沟壑区道路排水沟侵蚀产沙试验

为给黄土高塬沟壑区道路排水沟水土流失测算及其防护提供科学依据,采用野外原位放水冲刷试验方法,在放水流量10~50 L·min^-1和坡度4°~10°条件下,对土质道路裸露排水沟和植被排水沟的侵蚀产沙规律进行试验研究。结果表明:放水流量和坡度增大,裸露和植被排水沟的径流含沙量和土壤剥蚀率均成倍数增大,与放水流量呈显著指数函数关系;同一试验条件下,裸露排水沟的径流含沙量和土壤剥蚀率分别是植被排水沟的1.3~1.7倍和1.4~2.2倍。放水流量和坡度对裸露排水沟径流含沙量的影响较为接近,而植被排水沟径流含沙量主要受放水流量影响;不论裸露还是植被排水沟,放水流量对土壤剥蚀率的影响都远大于坡度。

Research of Erosion and Sediment Yield in Earth Road Drainages in Loess Gully Region

A series of water scouring tests were done in earth road drainage with flow discharges between 10 L·min^-1 and 50 L·min^-1 and slope gradients between 4° and 10° in the loess gully region. The results show that the sediment contents and soil erosion rates of bare soil surface and vegetation surface increased several times with flow discharges and slope gradients increasing, and they are exponential function of flow discharge. At the same time, the sediment content and soil erosion rates of bare soil surface ditch are 1.3~1.7, 1.4~2.2 times bigger respectively than those of the vegetation surface ditch. The influences of flow discharges and slope gradients on the sediment content in the bare drains are almost the same. The sediment content in the vegetation drains are mainly affected by water flow. Whether naked or vegetation drains, the influence of water flowon the soil erosion rate is greater than those of the slope.