菊芋株型在高产育种中的作用

本试验通过在苏北滨海盐土上的试验研究菊芋株型在菊芋选育中的作用。结果如下：1）在2007年和2008年，南芋1号鲜产量和干产量比对照青芋2号和野生种高，2007年与2008年试验结果没有显著差异，而2007年与2008年品种间鲜产量及干产量差异显著； 2）南芋1号以植株生长势强，主茎粗，分枝多，茎干高，在盐土上植株生长势强，青芋2号有效分枝基本没有，茎秆细，开花多，在盐土上植株生长势弱，而野生品种茎秆较南芋1号细，分枝少，在盐土上植株生长势一般，茎干高度低于南芋1号；3）2007年和2008年块茎产量显著高于分枝数少的品种块茎产量，而各品种在2007年和2008年间互相差异不显著；4）分枝数与地上部生物产量、分枝数与块茎鲜重产量及分枝数与块茎干重产量的相关性分析显示其R2均达极显著水平。菊芋育种应注重选育分枝多的株型。

Function of ideal plant type in breeding of Helianthus Tuberosus L for high yield and good grain quality

The field experiments were carried out in saline soil of the north of Jiangsu Province to study the function of ideal plant type in breeding of Helianthus Tuberosus L for high yield and good grain quality. The results were as follows: 1) The fresh and dry yield of NY.1 was higher than QY.2 and wild cultivar in 2007 and 2008. There was no significant difference between 2007 and 2008 for every independent cultivar. While the yield difference among the cultivars was significant in both 2007 and 2008. 2) The growth of NY.1 in saline soil was better than QY.2 and wild cultivar in stem, divarication and height. The quantity of NY.1’ divarication was highest. 3) The yield of NY.1 with more divarication was higher than QY.2 and wild cultivar with less divarication. 4) The contents of R2 between the divarication and the yield of shoot, between the divarication and the fresh yield of tuber, between the divarication and the dry yield of tuber were significant. The more divarication of plant type should be paid more attention in breeding of Helianthus Tuberosus L.