有机改土生态肥配方筛选及对土壤性质和马铃薯经济效益的影响

在甘肃省张掖市民乐县马铃薯种植基地,采用田间试验方法,进行了有机改土生态肥配方筛选及对土壤性质和马铃薯经济效益影响研究。结果表明:影响马铃薯产量的配方因素顺序为:马铃薯专用肥豆粕有机肥5406抗生菌肥聚乙烯醇;有机改土生态肥最佳配方为聚乙烯醇:马铃薯专用肥:豆粕有机肥:5406抗生菌肥=0.0124:0.7453:0.2050:0.0373。有机改土生态肥施用量与马铃薯产量间的肥料效应回归方程式为:y=40.91+3.9110x-0.3882x~2,经济效益最佳施肥量为2.40 t·hm~(-2),马铃薯理论产量为48.06 t·hm~(-2)。施用有机改土生态肥与传统化肥比较,土壤容重和pH降低5.30%和3.08%;总孔隙度和团聚体增加5.26%和11.75%;有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾增加3.26%、1.08%、1.25%和1.38%;真菌、细菌、放线菌和菌体总量增加6.28%、36.07%、21.94%和29.59%;蔗糖酶、脲酶和磷酸酶增加14.46%、5.64%和13.95%;马铃薯株高、茎粗和地上部分干重增加7.45%,14.93%和14.36%;块茎重、单株块茎重、产量和施肥利润增加5.13%、5.05%、3.80%和556.89元·hm~(-2)。在马铃薯种植田上施用有机改土生态肥,有效地改善了土壤理化性质和生物学性质,提高了马铃薯产量和施肥利润。

Selection of ecological fertilizer formula with organic contents and its impact on soil properties and economic benefits of potato

At the potato planting base in Zhangye City,Minle County,Gansu Province,an field experiment was carried out to select the formula of ecological fertilizer with organic content and its impact on soil properties and the economic benefits of potato.The results showed that the factors that affected potato production were in the order of the following:potato fertilizer ＞ soybean neal organic fertilizer ＞ 5406 antibiotic bacterial anure ＞ polyvinyl alcohol.The best formula for the ecological fertilizer with organic content was poly (vinyl alcohol) (0.0124):the potato fertilizer (0.7453):soybean meal organic fertilizer (0.2050):5406 antibiotic bacterial manure (0.0373).The regression equation that measures the effect by fertilizer on potato yield with the application of the ecological fertilizer with organic contern was y =40.91 + 3.9i10x-0.3882x2.The economic benefit reached the best when the fertilizer rate was 2.40 t· hm-2,resulting in a theatrical potato production of 48.06 t· hm-2.Compared with traditional chemical fertilizers,the application of ecological fertilizer with organic content caused soil bulk density and pH reduced by 5.30％ and 3.08％;total porosity and aggregate increased by 5.26％ and 5.26％;organic matter,alkali-hydro nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 3.26 ％,1.08 ％,1.25 ％ and 1.08 ％;fungi,bacteria,actinomyces and bacteria amounts increased by 6.28％,36.07％,21.94％ and 36.07％;sucrase,urease and phosphatase increased by 14.46％,14.46％ and 13.95％;potato plant height,stem diameter and dry weight of aerial part increased by 7.45％,14.93％ and 14.36％;and tuber weight,tuber weight per plant,yield and fertilizer profits increased by 5.13％,5.05 ％,3.80％ and 556.89 yuan·hm-2,respectively.The application of ecological fertilizer with organic content in potato fields could effectively improve the soil physical and chemical properties and biological properties,advantaging potato yield and fertilizer profits.