外源生物炭对黑土土壤微生物功能多样性的影响1）

以东北典型黑土区表层（0～10 cm）耕地土壤为研究对象，采用盆栽试验和Biolog－ECO微平板法，通过平均颜色变化（ AWCD）、丰富度指数、Shannon－Winner多样性指数、Simpson指数、McIntosh指数和碳源利用率等指标的测定与分析，研究了生物炭添加量对黑土土壤微生物功能多样性的影响。结果表明（：1）黑土耕地土壤微生物群落碳源平均颜色变化，随培养时间呈现对数变化规律，在“拐点”处（168 h）平均颜色变化的范围为0．56～0．98，且以SA2处理（质量分数为2％）最高；（2）土壤微生物McIntosh指数表现出随生物炭添加量的增加，呈先增大后减小的趋势，平均颜色变化范围为5．61～8．53，同样以SA2处理最大；（3）外源生物炭对黑土耕地土壤微生物功能多样性的促进作用，主要是通过提高微生物对碳水类和胺类碳源的利用率得以实现。

Effects of Exgo enous Biochar Application Amount on Functional Diversity of Soil Microbial Community in Black Soil

With the arable soil ( 0-10 cm) from typical black soil region of northeastern China , we studied the effects of biochar application amount on functional diversity of soil microbial community by measuring and analyzing Richness index , Shan-non-Weiner index, Simpson index and McIntosh index .The average well color development (AWCD) showed logarithmic changes during culture process , and its maximum value varying from 0.56 to 0.98 (168 h) at the turning point, with SA2 treatment ( 2%) as the peak .McIntosh indexes increased , then decreased with increasing biochar application amount and ranged from 5.61 to 8.53, and SA2 treatment ( 2% ) was also the peak .The carbon sources with higher utilization efficiency or utilization intensity by soil microbes were carbohydrate , polymers and amines .