How does science-based policy advice matter in policy making? The RIU model as a framework for analyzing and explaining processes of scientific knowledge transfer

A “linear” scientific knowledge transfer from science (“truth”) to political practice (“power”) does not seem to be possible. Therefore an alternative understanding of scientific knowledge transfer is suggested: In the RIU-model, scientific knowledge is produced in the science system (Research), and science-based problem solutions are utilized within politics by political actors (Utilization). Between the two spheres there is no “automatic” connection that leads to a linear application of science in policy making. Rather, it highlights the important sphere of “integration”, a step that lies between science and utilization. Integration means the orientation of research toward political and practical problems with the aim to describe and solve them (Integration). By the example of a German case study (activities of the German federal environment agency in waste policy) it will be shown (1) what important integration measures are, and (2) how they lead to science-based policy advice that matters in policy making.