云南大中山黑颈长尾雉冬季植物性食物显微分析

为了确定冬季黑颈长尾雉Syrmaticus humiae越冬取食对策,2007年12月,在大中山采集20堆46粒黑颈长尾雉粪便和38科92种对照植物样本,采用粪便显微分析法研究冬季黑颈长尾雉的植物性食物,并探讨其采食对策。结果表明,冬季黑颈长尾雉食谱主要由12科18种植物组成。按相对频率值将黑颈长尾雉的植物性食物分为3类。第1类为主要食物,有顶果蹄盖蕨Athyriumguan gnanense和大叶假冷蕨Pseudocystopteris spinulosa等2种,占采食食物总量的31.5%;第2类是常见食物,包括朱砂根Ardisia crenata,鱼鳞蕨Acrophorus stipellatus,高山栲Castanopsis delavayi,虎皮楠Daphnipyllum oldhamii,华南毛柃Eurya ciliata,木锥花Gomphostemma microdon,鞭打绣球Hemiphragma hetero-phyllum,木果石栎Lithocarpus xylocarpus,银叶杜茎山Maesa argentea,长梗崖豆藤Millettia longipedunculata,锥连栎Quercus franchetii,菝葜Smilax china,厚皮香Ternstroemia gymnanthera和乌饭树Vaccinium bracteatum等14种,占采食食物总量的52.7%;第3类食物是偶尔采食食物,有细齿叶柃Eurya nitida和绒毛山胡椒Lindera nacusua等2种,占1.2%。分析发现,影响黑颈长尾雉食谱的主要因素是植被种类组成和垂直结构特征。在取食斑块中,选择质量高的食物是冬季黑颈长尾雉的主要采食对策;采食所有适于取食的食物则是冬季黑颈长尾雉的辅助对策。

Microscopic analysis on winter plant food of Syrmaticus humiae (Hume's pheasant)in Dazhongshan,Yunnan

In order to explore the foraging strategy of Syrmaticus humiae （Hume＇s pheasant） in winter, 46 grains in 20 piles of fecal matter from S. humiae and 92 plant species from 38 families was collected from Dazhongshan during December 2007. By using a micro-fecal analysis, the diet composition of S.humiae was found. Results showed that the diet composition of S. humiae in winter contained 15 plant species from 12 families that could be divided into 3 groups according to relative density of amount food. The first group was the main foods, about eaten 31.5% in total, which consisted of Athyrium guangnartense and Pseudocystopteris spinulosca In the second group were 14 plants, eaten 52.7%, that were common in its diet including A rdisia crenata, A crophorus stipellatus , Castanopsis delavayi , Daphniphyllum oldhamii , Eurya ciliata, Gomphostemma microdon, Hemiphragma heterophyUum, Lithocazpus xylocarpus, Maesa argentea, Millettia longipedunculata, Quercus franchetii, Smilax china, Ternstroemia gymnanthera, and Vaccinium bracteatum. The third group had two species that were occasionally eaten 1.2%, namely Eurya nitida and Lindera nacusua. Overall, the main factors affecting diet composition were species composition and vertical structure of vegetation. For feeding strategies of S. humiae, selecting high quality food was the most important strategy, and followed by eating suitable plants from foraging patches.