Determining and quantifying components of an aquaculture soundscape |
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| Authors: | Andrea Craven Alexander G Carton Craig R McPherson Geoff McPherson |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia;2. School of Electrical Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia;3. Northern Fisheries Centre Department of Primary Industries & Fisheries, P.O. Box 5396, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia;1. Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores – MAQUA, Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;2. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia, Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;3. Labortório de Ecologia e Conservação da Megafauna Marinha – EcoMega, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália KM 8, Centro, Rio Grande 96201-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;1. Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Rd., MS50, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States;2. MIT/WHOI Joint Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States |
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| Abstract: | Recirculating aquaculture systems have a unique anthropogenic-based soundscape which is characterized by the type of equipment utilized, the structural configuration of walls, tanks, equipment, the substrate the tanks are situated on and even the activities of the personnel operating the facility. The soundscape of recirculation facilities is inadequately understood and remains poorly characterized, although it is generally accepted that the dominant sounds found in such facilities are within the hearing range of fish. The objective of this study was to evaluate the soundscape in a recirculating aquaculture facility from an intra-tank perspective and determine how the soundscape is shaped by a range of characteristics within the facility. Sounds were recorded across an operating aquaculture facility including different tank designs. The sounds recorded fell within previously measured pressure level ranges for recirculating systems, with the highest maximum sound pressure level (SPL) recorded at 124 dB re 1 μPa2/Hz (with an FFT bin width of 46.9 Hz, centered at 187.5 Hz). The soundscape within the tanks was stratified and positively correlated with depth, the highest sound pressure occurring at the base of the tanks. Each recording of the soundscape was dominated by a frequency component of 187.5 Hz (corresponding centre of the 4th 46.9 Hz FFT analysis bin) that produced the highest observed SPL. Analysis of sound recordings revealed that this peak SPL was associated with the acoustic signature of the pump. The soundscape was also evaluated for impacts of tank hood position, time of day, transient sounds and airstone particle size types, all of which were found to appreciably influence sound levels and structure within the tank environment. This study further discusses the distinctiveness of the soundscape, how it is shaped by the various operating components and considers the aquaculture soundscape in relation to natural soundscapes found within aquatic tropical environments. |
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