陕西某铅锌冶炼厂区及周边农田重金属污染土壤的稳定化修复理论与实践

对污染土壤进行修复的目的是在保证污染土地再利用的前提下,使受到较为严重污染的土壤中污染物降低或削减到不足以导致较大的生态损害和健康危害。但污染土壤修复措施及修复效果的评价方法的缺乏已成为限制污染土壤工程修复的关键。本文在对潼关县某铅锌冶炼厂区及周边受重金属污染农田的土壤污染现状进行调查的基础上,结合实际工程修复目标,综合考虑土壤类型、土地利用方式、作物种植特点、土壤重金属的淋溶特性和污染生态毒理学评价等因素,提出了重金属污染土壤修复方案的选择依据和不同修复方案修复效果评价方法,最后通过试验研究和工程实践,对污染土壤修复方案的选择和修复效果进行了检验。结果表明,修复方案选择依据及修复效果评价方法在实际污染土壤修复实践中取得了较好的结果。该研究结果可为污染场地治理、农田土壤修复及保障农产品安全提供科学参考。

Theoretical Research and Immobilization Practice of Heavy Metal Polluted Soil in a Closed Lead-Zinc Smelter and Surrounding Farmland in Tongguan, Shaanxi

The goal of remediating polluted soil is to ensure safe reuse of the polluted soil by reducing the concentrations of pollutants in soil to the environmental standard limits. However, there is currently lack of evaluation on techniques and their performance of soil remediation, which has limited applications of the soil remediation in China. In this paper, we proposed technique selection standards and efficiency evaluation criteria of soil remediation, based on the related regulations of soil pollution control, the ecological risks of pollutants, and the current situation of soil pollution, and then examined the performance of proposed soil remediation techniques in laboratory and in-situ polluted field in Tongguan. The results showed that both soil remediation techniques and their performance evaluation criteria were practicable. This research could provide some valuable information for restoration of polluted sites, remediation of polluted farmland soils and protection of agricultural product safety.