太湖鱼体中重金属铬的含量及风险评估

水产品的重金属污染已经受到越来越多的关注,鱼体内的重金属会随着食物链的富集作用对人体健康构成威胁。为了研究太湖淡水鱼重金属铬的生态风险,采集鱼类22种,样本量401个进行采样分析调查,其中杂食性鱼类315条、肉食性鱼类49条、草食性鱼类37条。采用原子吸收分光光度计对太湖鱼体中铬的含量进行检测,分析其污染状况并对食用安全性进行评价。结果表明:太湖鱼体重金属铬含量在ND~5.21 mg·kg-1之间,有12条鱼处于重污染水平;杂食性鱼类的重金属铬含量显著高于草食性鱼类,而与肉食性鱼类的含量没有相关性,可能与鱼类的生活环境有关。风险评估的结果显示,重金属铬超出暂定每周可耐受摄入量(PTWI)的比例为7.48%,因此食用太湖鱼类可能会对人体健康产生一定的危害。这为评估太湖水产品质量安全提供了一定的参考依据。

Content and Risk Assessment of Chromium in Fishes from Taihu Lake

The presence of heavy metals in aquatic products has raised more and more public concerns. Heavy metals may pose a threat to human health through food chain. In this investigation, 401 fish samples were collected from Taihu Lake, which consisted of 315 omnivorous-samples, 49 carnivorous-samples and 37 herbivorous-samples, belonging to 22 species, to study the ecological risk of heavy metal chromium(Cr). The concentrations of chromium in the fish muscle samples were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry(AAS), and the pollution and health risk of Cr in fish were then assessed. The content of Cr in fish samples ranged from ND(no detection) to 5.21 mg·kg^-1. There were 12 samples at heavy pollution levels. Omnivorous fish contained significantly higher Cr than herbivorous fish did, but Cr in carnivorous fish was not significantly different from that in other two groups. There were 7.48% fish samples whose Cr concentrations exceeded the provisional tolerable weekly intake(PTWI), indicating that consuming fish from the Taihu Lake may cause health problems for human beings.