牯牛降自然保护区大型真菌资源组成及分布

为了解安徽牯牛降自然保护区野生大型真菌的组成及生态分布特征，对不同植被类型和不同海拔高度的大型真菌资源进行调查研究。结果表明，该区大型真菌共有153种，隶属于39科70属，其中优势科为多孔菌科(Polyporaceae,33种，21.57%)、小皮伞科(Marasmiaceae,13种，8.50%)。根据生态习性分土生菌48种(31.37%)，木生菌105种(68.63%)。依经济价值分为食用菌53种(34.64%)，药用菌58种(37.91%)，毒菌9种(5.88%)，经济价值不明40种(26.14%)。不同植被类型中大型真菌发生的种类存在差异，其中发生于混交林中的大型真菌种类最多，共106种，占69.28%，其次为阔叶林中的大型真菌68种，占44.44%，针叶林中的大型真菌31种，占20.26%，竹林中的大型真菌23种，占15.03%，发生在灌丛或草丛中的大型真菌36种，占23.53%。随着海拔垂直高度的变化，大型真菌的种类及数量亦存在明显差异，低山林带型分布的大型真菌96种，占62.75%，中山林带型分布的大型真菌54种，占35.29%，高山林带型分布的大型真菌14种，占9.15%。不同的地理和环境条件使该林区大型真菌具有不同的生态分布特征。

Composition and Ecological Distribution of Wild Macrofungus Resources in Guniujiang Natural Reserve

The macrofungi from different vegetation types and the altitudes were studied to understand the composition and ecological distribution of wild macrofungus resources occurring in Guniujiang Natural Reserve.A total of 153 species were recorded,belonging to 70 genera and 39 families.The dominant families were Polyporaceae (33 species,21.57%) and Marasmiaceae (13 species,8.50%).According to their ecological habitats,they were categorized into 48 humicolous species (31.37%),105 lignicolous species (68.63%).Based on their economic values,there were 53 edible species (34.64%),58 medicinal species (31.97%),9 poisonous species (5.88%) and 40 unknown species (26.14%).Macrofungus species were differently distributed in different types of vegetations.The most species occurred in mixed forest (106 species,69.28%),followed by broadleaved forest (68 species,44.44%),coniferous forest (31 species,20.26%),bamboo forest (23 species,15.03%),bushy or herbosa (36 species,23.53%).The obvious difference of composition species of wild macrofungi were existed with the vertical height of the elevation changes.They were distributed in low mountain (96 species,62.75%),middle mountain (54 species,35.29%) and high mountain forest (14 species,9.15%).The unique characteristics of ecological distribution of macrofungi in Guniujiang Natural Reserve,were primarily caused by different geographical and environmental conditions.