盐度和饲料蛋白对凡纳滨对虾营养及消化作用研究进展

不断增加的水产品需求与缺乏可持续发展的捕捞业之间的矛盾日益凸显,为改善水产品供应短缺的问题,发展水产养殖业十分重要。随着水产养殖业集约化和规模化的发展,水环境逐步恶化,应激因素逐渐增多,严重阻碍对虾养殖业的发展。因此,寻找绿色健康、安全高效、节约减排的养殖模式已成为热点研究问题。蛋白质是生命的物质基础,饲料蛋白是对虾饲料中最主要的营养成分。盐度是影响对虾生理反应的重要因子,不同盐度下凡纳滨对虾表现出不同的适应状态。对盐度和饲料蛋白在凡纳滨对虾生长、存活、营养需求、消化代谢以及健康免疫等方面发挥作用的相关国内外研究结果进行综述,明确提出凡纳滨对虾在不同盐度的养殖水体中蛋白需求量有所不同,指出在当前对虾饲料中普遍使用盐度参数缺乏蛋白含量的背景下,水体盐度对凡纳滨对虾的作用应受到关注。最后,对今后养殖凡纳滨对虾水体盐度与营养需求的研究方向以及对虾饲料的开发前景进行展望。

Review of Salinity Levels and Dietary Protein on Nutrition and Digestion of Litopenaeus vannamei

The problem of increasing requirement for aquatic products and the unsustainable fishing industry is increasingly prominent. It is very important to develop aquaculture to improve the supply shortage of aquatic products. With the intensive and large-scale development of aquaculture industry, the water environment gradually deteriorates and the stress factors gradually increase, which seriously impede the development of shrimp aquaculture industry. Therefore, it has become a hot research issue to search for green, healthy, safe and efficient breeding mode. Protein is the material basis of life, and dietary protein is the main nutrient in diets for the cultured shrimp. Salinity is an important factor affecting the physiological reaction of shrimp. In various salinities, shrimp shows different adaptation status. This paper reviewed the recent results of the effects of salinity and dietary protein on the growth performance, survival rate, nutrient requirement, digestive function, health status and immunity of shrimp. It is indicated that protein requirement of shrimp is different in water with various salinities. The role of water salinity for shrimp should be noted in the future study. Finally, the prospect of future research on salinity and dietary nutrient requirement as well as new diets of shrimp has been discussed in the paper.