天山樱桃种质资源表型多样性研究

在对新疆4个天山樱桃野生居群16个表型性状比较分析的基础上,采用性状变异分析、聚类分析和主成分分析等方法研究其遗传多样性水平和遗传结构。结果表明:表型变异系数、Simpson指数和Shannonweaver指数均为裕民县野生居群最大,分别为21.15%、0.98和3.97,喀拉峻野生居群最小,分别为16.18%、0.82和2.31。16个表型性状的变异系数为8.67%~48.78%,其中单果质量、果实纵径和种核质量的变异系数较高,花瓣宽、雄蕊数目和可溶性固形物质量分数的变异系数较低;平均表型分化系数为25.77%,表明居群内变异大于居群间变异。在阈值为5.27时,4个天山樱桃野生居群被分为3大类,特克斯与喀拉峻野生居群欧式距离最小(3.75),大西沟与裕民县野生居群欧式距离最大(7.16);16个表型性状的主成分分析中,前4个主成分的累积贡献率达76.02%。裕民县野生居群的表型多样性最丰富,特克斯与喀拉峻野生居群遗传关系最近,果实纵径、果实横径、雌蕊长、1a生枝长度和花冠直径是天山樱桃进行表型观测时的重要指标。

Study on Phenotypic Diversity of Cerasus tianschanica Pojark Germplasm Resources

In order to reveal the phenotypic variation and variation characteristics of Cerasus tianschanica Pojark and investigate the phenotypic diversity of 4 wild populations of Cerasus tianschanica Pojark in Xinjiang region,the variation analysis of taxonomic characters, cluster analysis and principal component analysis methods were used to study the wild populations of genetic diversity and genetic structure. The results showed that phenotypic variation coefficient, Simpson index and Shannon-weaver index of the populations in Yumin county were the biggest and it reached 21.15%,0.98 and 3.97.But the Kalajun population were all the least and it was 16.18%, 0.82 and 2.31. The coefficients of variation of the 16 phenotypic traits were between 8.67%-48.78%, the fruit mass, fruit vertical diameter and seed nucleus of variable coefficient were relatively higher than the others, the number of stamen, soluble solids of variable coefficient were relatively lower than the others. The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient was 25.77%, within group variation, the main source of phenotypic variation was greater than the variation between groups. On the threshold of 5.27, the Cerasus tianschanica Pojark wild population was divided into three categories, the genetic distance index showed the lowest between the Tekes and Kalajun(3.75), and genetic distance index was the highest between the Daxigou and Yumin(7.16).The accumulative contribution of top 4 principal component was 76.02% in the analysis of the 16 phenotypic traits.In conclusion:Yumin is the most abundant group of phenotypic diversity;euclidean distance was least between the Tekes and Kalajun; the Daxigou and Yumin were not obvious associated with genetic relationship. The fruit vertical diameter, fruit transverse diameter, stamen length, corolla diameter and petal length was main cause of phenotypic difference.