种植方式和密度对旱地粮用豇豆生长及产量的影响

为探明旱地粮用豇豆高产栽培技术,2015年在山西省旱作节水农业——阳曲县河村示范基地,采用裂区设计开展田间小区试验,研究种植方式和密度对旱地粮用豇豆生长及产量的影响。结果表明,覆膜种植出苗率较露地种植增加10.5%,且明显加快粮用豇豆的生育进程,出苗期提前1d,分枝抽蔓期平均提前2d,开花结荚期平均提前3d。其中覆膜种植和露地种植对豇豆生长影响的最大差异在分枝抽蔓期,株高、复叶数和分枝数显著大于露地种植,为取得高产奠定基础,实收产量和理论产量分别较露地种植增加27.4%和20.5%。覆膜种植获得最高产量的密度为11.3万株/hm~2,且随密度增加产量的变化呈倒抛物线型,而露地种植获得最高产量的密度仅为7.5万株/hm~2,且随着密度增加,产量显著降低。该区域旱地粮用豇豆采用覆膜种植,播种密度为11.3万株/hm~2时可获得高产。

Effects of Planting Pattern and Density on Growth and Yield of Grain Cowpea

In order to find the high-yield cultivation techniques of grain cowpea in dryland, split plot design was carried out in the field plot test in Hecun Demonstrative Base in dry farming and water-saving agricultural area in Yangqu county of Shanxi province in 2015.The effects of planting pattern and density on growth and yield of grain cowpea were studied.The results showed that compared with open filed planting, planting with film mulch increased emergence rate by 10.5%, and speeded up the development progress.The seedling period was 1 day before the schedule.On average, the branches were 2 days earlier, and the flowering pods were 3 days in advance.The most significant difference in the cowpea growth in the open filed and film mulch was the branching period.Plant height, the number of compound leaves and the number of branches in planting with film mulch were greater than that in the open field planting by 1% and 5% level respectively.Actual yield and theoretical yield of film mulch planting were significantly 27.4% and 20.5% higher than that of the planting in open field respectively.The maximum yield density in the planting with film mulch was 113 000 plants/hm, and the yield changed with increase of density,and it liked inverted parabolic shape.However the maximum yield density in the planting of open filed was 75 000 plants/hm, and the yield significantly decreased with increase of density.Planting density of 113 000 plants/hm and the planting with film mulch could obtain grain cowpea with high yield in this dryland area.