发酵树叶及其在鸡生产应用的研究进展

我国树木资源丰富多样,但未充分开发利用。树叶的粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量较高,黄酮和酚类物质含量丰富,但部分树叶含有单宁、植酸等抗营养因子。通过微生物发酵延长树叶使用时间、降解抗营养因子,转化难吸收的营养物质,将树叶改变为适口性好、无毒低毒、营养价值高的生物饲料,是绿色的饲料化技术方向之一。发酵树叶种类主要有银杏叶、辣木叶、桑叶等,使用的菌种主要是乳酸菌、霉菌、芽孢杆菌、酵母。研究表明,发酵后树叶保存时间延长,粗蛋白质含量提高,品质较好。发酵树叶黄酮、氨基酸、还原糖、多酚等活性物质含量较高,具有抗氧化活性。发酵树叶应用于鸡生产,可提高动物抗氧化能力,促进机体健康,改善肠道健康,提高生产性能及产品品质。发酵树叶用于饲养动物有利于资源循环,降低生产成本,解决环境污染等问题。

Research Progress in Fermented Tree Leaves and Its Application in Chicken Production

Tree resources are rich and diverse in China, but they has not been fully developed and utilized. The contents of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in tree leaves are high, as well as the contents of flavonoids and phenols. However, some leaves contain anti-nutritional factors such as tannin and phytic acid. Microbial fermentation prolongs the use of leaves, degrades anti-nutritional factors, and transforms nutrients that are difficult to be absorbed. It is one of the green feed processing technologies that can change the leaves into biological feed with goodpalatability, non-toxicity, low toxicity and high nutritional value. At present, the main types of fermented leaves are ginkgo leaves, moringa leaves, and mulberry leaves. The strains used are mainly lactic acid bacteria, mould, bacillus and yeast. After fermentation, the preservation time of the leaves is prolonged, the crude protein content is improved, and the quality is better. Fermented leaves have higher contents of flavonoids, amino acids, reducing sugars, polyphenols and other active substances, which have strong antioxidant activity. The application of fermented leaves in chicken production can improve the antioxidant capacity of animals, promote body and intestinal health, and improve growth performance and production quality. Fermented tree leaves used for feeding animals are beneficial for resource recycling, which reduce production costs and solve environmental pollution.