分子标记种质资源鉴定和分子标记育种

分子标记是继形态标记、细胞标记和生化标记之后发展起来的一种新的较为理想的遗传标记形式，近年来发展非常迅速。本文就以下6个方面讨论了分子标记的最新进展及存在问题：（1）用于种质资源鉴定及植物育种的主要分子标记，如限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）、随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）、简单重复序列DNA（SSR）、扩增片段长度多态性（AFLP）以及染色体原位杂交等；（2）分子标记遗传图谱；（3）分子标记在植物种质资源研究上的应用；（4）质量性状基因的分子标记；（5）数量性状基因位点（QTL）的分子标记；（6）分子标记育种目前存在问题。

Molecular Germplasm Diagnostics and Molecular Marker assisted Breeding

Many of the problems associated with plant germplasm diagnostics and breeding programs based on the phenotypic estimation of agronomic traits, such as major enviromental effects on quantitative inheritance can be eliminated by using of DNA markers. The progress and problems were discussed in the following six aspects: (1)DNA marker systems used in plant breeding and plant germplasm. (2) Genetic maps constructed by molecular markers. (3)Application of molecular markers to plant germplasm diagnostics. (4)Application of molecular markers to tag the qualitative trait genes. (5)Application of molecular markers to tag the quantitative trait genes. (6) Present problems and perspectives of molecular marker assisted breeding.