小麦小区播种机排种控制系统设计与试验

为了提高小区播种机自动化水平,解决传统小区播种机械作业参数不易调节等问题,设计了一种基于STM32的小麦小区播种机排种控制系统。该系统主要由Android终端、STM32主控制系统、存种筒提升控制系统、锥体格盘控制系统以及分种器控制系统等组成,确定存种筒延迟落下时间,分别建立步进电机和直流电机调速模型,设计人机交互界面进行作业参数设置,实现了小区排种作业参数与实际作业需求的快速匹配。搭建室内试验台,以锥体格盘转速、分种器转速为试验因素,以行间均匀性变异系数为评价指标进行试验。试验结果表明,锥体格盘转速、分种器转速以及两者之间的交互作用对行间均匀性均有非常显著的影响;当锥体格盘转速为4 r/min、分种器转速为1 250 r/min时,行间均匀性变异系数均值为4. 53%,行间均匀性较好,且籽粒破碎率较低。该系统实现了小区排种作业精确控制,为小区播种的智能化控制提供了技术支撑。

Design and Experiment of Wheat Seeding Control System in Plot Seeder

As a special machinery for field breeding experiments, the plot seeder has a very important role in improving efficiency of breeding, reducing labor intensity and costs, as well as ensuring scientific nature and accuracy of test results. In order to improve the mechanization and automation level of the plot seeder and solve the problem that it is difficult to adjust the operating parameters, a wheat plot seeding control system based on STM32 was developed. The system was mainly composed of an Android mobile phone terminal, main controller of STM32, lifting system of storage cylinder, control system of cone compartment tray for seed meter, and control system of seed dispenser. The stepper motor and direct current motor speed control model were established. And human-computer interaction interface was designed, which was used to set working parameters. For checking up the performance of wheat plot seeding control system in plot seeder and gaining better combination of parameters, indoor tests were carried out at three cone compartment tray rotation speed of 4r/min, 6r/min and 8r/min, and four seed dispenser rotation speed of 1100r/min, 1250r/min, 1400r/min and 1550r/min. Test results showed that the cone compartment tray rotation speed, seed dispenser rotation speed, and the interaction of them had a very significant effect on the uniformity between rows by the analysis of variance. With the increase of rotating speed of the cone compartment tray, the variation coefficient of the uniformity between rows was increased. With the change of rotating speed of seed dispenser at 1100~1550r/min, the variation coefficient of the seed uniformity was reduced firstly and then increased. When the rotating speed of the cone compartment tray and seed dispenser was 4r/min and 1250r/min respectively, the variation coefficient of uniformity between rows was 4.53%, of which the uniformity between rows was better and the grain damage rate was smaller. This control system could provide a research basis for the automation and intelligent control of plot seeding.