马铃薯种植机械化关键技术与装备研究进展分析与展望

中国马铃薯种植具有面积大、范围广、地域地理复杂的特点,机械化种植是马铃薯机械化生产中关键的技术环节。马铃薯种植机械化技术包括种薯预处理、供导种、取种、清种等机械化种植关键技术。分析了中国马铃薯种植机械化技术的发展现状、特点及制约因素,总结了马铃薯种植机械化中主要关键技术,分析了整薯和切块种薯2种主要栽培方法对马铃薯播种技术的约束、影响。重点阐述了马铃薯分级、种薯分离整列拾取、零速投种、动态供种技术及装备的研究现状和发展动态,并归纳了中国、德国、荷兰、比利时、美国等国家具有技术代表性的马铃薯种植机械技术特点与性能参数;指出精量、高速、智能化大型马铃薯播种技术与装备是我国马铃薯机械化播种技术发展的核心方向,同时也需加强适应丘陵山区的小型、轻简型马铃薯机械化种植技术及装备的研究。

Analysis and Prospect of Research Progress on Key Technologies and Equipments of Mechanization of Potato Planting

The potato planting in China has the characteristics of large area, wide range and complicated geographical features. The mechanized potato planting is the most important technical link in the mechanized potato production, which has prominent problems in potato growing industry. The technology of the mechanization of potato planting includes key technologies of seed potato pretreatment, seed supply and conduction, seed pick and seed clearance. This paper analyzes the present situation, characteristics and restrictive factors of the mechanization of potato planting in China, summarizes the key technologies of the mechanization of potato planting, and the restriction, influence and difference between the two main cultivation methods of whole potato and diced seed potato planting technology in Mechanized potato planting. The research emphatically expounds the status and the development trends of potato grading, seed potato separation, zero speed seeding, dynamic seed supplying technology and equipment, and summarizes the representative potato growing machinery in China, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, the United States and other countries. Besides, the paper holds that the precise, high speed and intelligent large scale potato seeding technology and equipment are the core direction of the development of the technology of mechanized potato seeding in China, which will provide reference for the industry in equipment selection, research and development and the development of potato planting machinery in China.