免耕播种机星齿凹面盘式清秸防堵装置设计与试验

针对东北地区免耕播种机在玉米秸秆全量粉碎还田作业时,平面爪轮式清秸防堵装置清秸率低、作业性能不稳定,播种机作业质量和工作效率降低等问题,设计一种星齿凹面盘式清秸防堵装置。通过分析作业时秸秆颗粒在凹面清秸盘上的运动规律,确定了影响清秸率的主要结构参数和各参数的取值范围。结合旋转正交试验设计和EDEM离散元仿真技术确定了星齿凹面清秸盘的最优结构参数组合,通过田间对比试验验证了该装置的作业性能。研究结果表明:影响星齿凹面盘式清秸防堵装置作业性能的主要结构参数为清秸盘回转半径、圆盘曲面投影长度和曲率半径。当清秸盘回转半径为152. 5 mm、曲率半径为160 mm和圆盘曲面投影长度为50. 9 mm时,该装置作业性能最佳,苗带清秸率和作业阻力分别为92. 2%和142. 6 N。星齿凹面盘式清秸防堵装置的工作性能优于平面爪轮式防堵装置,作业质量稳定,满足免耕播种作业农艺和技术要求。

Design and Experiment of Star-toothed Concave Disk Row Cleaners for No-till Planter

The corn planting model of full straw returning and no-tillage sowing techniques was used in the northeastern part of China. Due to the thick and abundant maize straws, limited the quality and efficiency of sowing operations and reduced crop yield, the concave disk row cleaners with star-tooth capable of efficient straw cleaning in whole straw mulching fields were designed. The kinematic pattern of straw particles at surface of disc row cleaner during the operation was clarified through the use of theoretical analysis, the main structural parameters affecting the operational quality of the row cleaners were clarified, and the range of values of each parameter were determined. Combined with rotational orthogonal test design and EDEM discrete element simulation technology, the optimal structural parameter combination of the row cleaner was achieved. The performance of the row cleaners was verified by field comparison test. The results showed that the main structural parameters affecting the performance of the device were radius of gyration of the disk, projection length of disk camber and radius of curvature. When the radius of gyration of the disk was 152.5mm, the projection length of disk camber was 50.9mm,and the radius of curvature was 160mm, the working performance of the row cleaners was the best, and the straw cleaning rate and working resistance were 92.2% and 142.6N, respectively. The working performance of the row cleaners was better than that of the plane row cleaners, and the operation quality was stable, which satisfied the agronomic and technical requirements of no-till planting.