西北雨养区全膜双垄沟播技术与配套机具研究进展分析

全膜双垄沟播技术抗旱增产,在我国西北旱区大面积推广应用,实现与提升其全程机械化作业水平主要包括对覆膜种床构建、膜上播种、残膜回收及种植作物收获技术与配套机具的研究。在分析西北旱区全膜双垄沟播技术应用概况、技术模式和实施效应的基础上,重点阐述了全膜双垄沟相关机械化起垄覆膜、膜上精量播种、种植作物收获及残膜回收关键技术特点及典型机具。结合实际生产应用中出现的问题与需求,在分析归纳现阶段全膜双垄沟播技术农艺、农机存在问题的基础上,从加强全膜双垄沟播技术农机农艺融合、持续开展基础研究与配套机具性能优化、创建全膜双垄沟全程机械化技术体系等方面展望了未来研究方向。提出研发经济高效全膜双垄沟全程机械化作业装备和农机农艺深度融合是创建全膜双垄沟全程机械化技术体系的关键,也是进一步形成科学合理的全膜双垄沟播技术,实现全膜双垄沟生产系统高效、节本增效的发展方向。

Research Progress Analysis of Furrow Sowing with Whole Plastic-film Mulching on Double Ridges Technology and Machine in Northwest Rainfed Area

The furrow sowing with whole plastic film mulching on double ridges has been widely used in the arid region of northwest China, because it can resist drought and increase production. It is an inevitable trend to realize and improve the whole mechanized operation level. It is mainly reflected in the research on the construction of covered film seedbed, sowing on the film, residual film recovery and harvesting crop technology and supporting equipment. Based on the analysis of adoption, technical modes and application benefits of furrow sowing with whole plastic film mulching on double ridges, the correlative key mechanization technical characteristics of ridging and covering film, precision sowing on film, harvesting crop and residual film recovery and representative typical machine of whole plastic film mulching on double ridges were reviewed. Combined with the problems and demands in actual production and application of furrow sowing with whole plastic film mulching on double ridges in China, on the basis of analyzing and summarizing the existing problems of agronomy and agricultural machinery, and future research emphasis and development direction were provided as following aspects: combination of agricultural machine with agronomy under furrow sowing with whole plastic film mulching on double ridges, continuing to strengthen basic research and supporting machine performance optimization, and forming full mechanization technical system of whole plastic film mulching on double ridges. It was suggested that the key to form full mechanization technical system of whole plastic film mulching on double ridges were development of economic and efficient full mechanization equipment and combination of depth of agricultural machine with agronomy. It was also a scientific and reasonable technology of furrow sowing with whole plastic film mulching on double ridges, to realize the development direction of its production system with cost saving and efficiency increasing.