山东省审定大豆品种的产量、品质及株型演变

自1982年开展农作物品种审定工作以来，山东省共有50个大豆品种通过国家或省级审定。本文分析了这50个审（认）定品种的区域试验平均产量、最高产量、蛋白质含量、脂肪含量和生育期、株高、主茎节数、有效分枝数、单株荚数、百粒重等农艺性状。结果表明，区域试验平均产量由1982-1985年的1892.73 kg/hm2提高到2001-2005年的2820.67 kg/hm2，增幅为49.0%；最高产量由3072.0kg/hm2提高到4389.3kg/hm2，提高了42.9%；蛋白质和脂肪含量随时代和选育目的的不同而在37.00%~46.44%和16.80%~22.50%之间变化。山东省夏大豆的理想株型应是株高70~80cm，主茎节数14~16节，有效分枝1~2个，并且在此基础上，有密而均匀的结荚。

Development of yield, quality and plant type of released and registered summer-sowing soybean varieties in Shandong province

Shandong province released 50 summer-sowing soybean [Glycine max(L.)Mree.] varieties during 1982 to 2005.We analyzed the average yield,highest yield,protein content,fat content,and agronomic characteristics such as plant height,nodes number of main stem,effective branch number per plant,pods number,and 100-seed weight of the released varieties.The results showed that the average yield was increased to 2 820.67 kg/hm2 during 2001~2005 based on 1 892.73 kg/hm2 during 1982~1985;and the highest yield reached to 4 389.3 kg/hm2 in 2001~2005 with the increase ratio of 42.9%.The seeds protein content ranged from 37.00% to 46.44%;fat content ranged from 16.80% to 22.50%,that varied with the breeding aims.And it was proposed that the ideal plant type of summer-sowing soybean in Shandong province was with 70~80 cm stem height,14~16 nodes on the main stem,1~2 effective branches,and with even and dense pod.