Presence of antibodies to Salmonella in tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) sera |
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| Institution: | 1. Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand;2. Wildbase, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand;1. School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa;2. Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty, Coimbatore, 641108, Tamil Nadu, India;1. Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand;2. Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand;3. Te Kupenga Hauora Māori, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand;4. Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand;5. Discipline of Oncology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand;6. He Kamaka Waiora, Waitemata and Auckland District Health Boards, Auckland, New Zealand;7. Auckland, New Zealand;8. Te Pua Wānanga Faculty of Māori and Indigenous Studies, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand;9. He Oranga Hauora Healthier Lives National Science Challenge, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand;1. Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany;2. Grupo de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain;3. Unidad de Paleontología, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Darwin 2, 20049, Madrid, Spain;4. Facultad de Bellas Artes, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Calle Pintor el Greco 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain;1. Laboratorio de Inmunología de Hongos, Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México DF, Mexico;2. Unidad de Micología Médica y Experimental, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín, Colombia;3. Departamento Micología, INEI ANLIS “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán”, Buenos Aires, Argentina;4. Colección Nacional de Cultivos Microbianos, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México DF, Mexico;5. Laboratorio de Filogenia del Sistema Inmune de Piel y Mucosas, Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, México DF, Mexico |
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| Abstract: | Colonisation of a host by pathogenic microorganisms is a near constant threat to the health of all vertebrates and most species have evolved an efficient adaptive immune response which produces antibodies following exposure to a specific antigen. The strength of this response can be influenced by many factors including sex and season. Tuatara are exposed to Salmonella through contact with infected skinks and soil; however, no gastrointestinal colonisation of tuatara with Salmonella has been found. Using Western blot and flow cytometry we have demonstrated that tuatara possess antibodies which recognise Salmonella antigens, but many of these antibodies are not specific and are cross-reactive with two closely related and ubiquitous bacteria, Escherichia coli and Citrobacter koseri. Our study describes the anti-Salmonella immune responses in tuatara and will help to inform decisions around maintaining wildlife health, as well as providing important insights into the role and development of adaptive immunity in reptilian species. |
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| Keywords: | Tuatara Immune response Antibody Western blot Flow cytometry |
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