Water quality upstream and downstream of a commercial oyster aquaculture facility in Chesapeake Bay,USA |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States;2. University of Maryland Sea Grant Extension Program, Institute for Marine and Environmental Technology, 701 E. Pratt St, Baltimore, MD 21202, United States;3. College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States;1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Botucatu, Brazil;2. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Botucatu, Brazil;3. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Botucatu, Brazil;1. Aquatic Sciences, South Australian Research and Development Institute, 2 Hamra Avenue, West Beach, South Australia 5024, Australia;2. School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia;1. Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands;2. CCMAR – Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;1. Ohshima Station, Fish Nursery Center, Kinki University, Kushimoto, Japan;2. Ohshima Experiment Station, Fisheries Laboratory, Kinki University, Kushimoto, Japan;3. Shirahama Experiment Station, Fisheries Laboratory, Kinki University, Shirahama, Japan;4. Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nara, Japan;1. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Science Center, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Manchester Research Station, 7305 Beach Dr. E., Port Orchard, WA 98366, USA;2. Ocean Associates, INC. 4007 N. Abingdon St., Arlington, VA 22207, USA;3. University of Washington, School of Aquatic and Fishery Science, Box 355020 Seattle, WA 98198-5020, USA |
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| Abstract: | Oyster aquaculture is an expanding industry in the Chesapeake Bay. Oysters remove nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from the water column through filtration and conversion of phytoplankton into shell and tissue, but also continuously excrete these same nutrients back into the water column as inorganic compounds readily available for plant or algal uptake. The objective of this study was to assess multiple water quality parameters upstream and downstream of a commercial oyster aquaculture facility in the mesohaline region of the Chesapeake Bay. Results of the study indicated a 78.4% average increase in total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentration and a 19.4% decrease in chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration downstream of the facility. There was no significant change in the concentration of reactive phosphate (RP), nitrate–nitrogen (NO3−–N), or nitrite–nitrogen (NO2−–N) as water passed through the facility. It was determined that velocity of water through the facility had no influence on the change in TAN or Chl-a concentration from upstream to downstream of the facility. Increased reduction in Chl-a concentration from upstream to downstream was related to higher upstream concentrations of Chl-a. There was no correlation between increased rates of Chl-a removal and downstream TAN. Results of this study suggest that oyster aquaculture can significantly increase the amount of available inorganic nitrogen in the water column immediately downstream of a facility, independent of upstream availability of phytoplankton and flow velocity of water through the facility. |
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| Keywords: | Oyster Aquaculture Nutrients Water quality Chesapeake Bay |
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