菊花染色体倍性鉴定研究

目的]综述菊花染色体倍性鉴定的常用方法及其在育种中的应用。方法]重点介绍了染色体计数法和流式细胞术法,简要介绍了染色体倍性鉴定在菊花品种鉴定和育种中的应用情况。结果]染色体计数法一般分为取材、预处理、固定、解离、染色、制片、镜检和制作永久玻片等步骤。流式细胞术鉴定法目前已成为倍性鉴定的主要方法,尤其适合大量样品的染色体倍性分析。介绍了流式细胞仪的结构与工作原理、使用方法与操作步骤。染色体倍性鉴定方法在菊花品种鉴定和育种中的应用主要在品种鉴定、杂交组合的选配、杂交后代材料的提前筛选和亲缘关系的鉴定4个方面。结论]染色体计数法和流式细胞术法2种方法的结合有利于提高染色体倍性鉴定的效率和准确性。

Common Methods of Cell Chromosome Ploidy Identification for Chrysanthemum and Its Application in Breeding

Objective] The study aimed to summarize the common methods of cell chromosome ploidy identification for Chrysanthemum and its application in breeding. Method] The chromosome counting and flow cytometry assay method were introduced mainly and the cell chromosome ploidy identification in variety identification and breeding of Chrysanthemum was also introduced. Result] The chromosome counting method included such steps as taking material,pretreatment,fixing,dissociation,dyeing,production,examination under microscope and making for forever glass slide. The flow cytometry assay became the main method for the cell chromosome ploidy identification at present,specially it fitted to the cell chromosome ploidy analysis on the samples in a great quantity. The structure and the working principle,using method and operation steps of the flow cytometry assay method was introduced. The application of cell chromosome ploidy identification method in variety identification and breeding of Chrysanthemum was on the 4 aspects of variety identification,selective breeding of hybrid combination,ahead screening and genetic relationship for the hybrid offspring.Conclusion] It was suggested that the combination of the chromosome counting method and flow cytometry assay method was beneficial to increase the efficiency and veracity of chromosome ploidy level identification.