白马湖浮游动物生态位及其生态分化影响因子

探究环境因子对浮游动物的影响，可为白马湖水生态修复与水环境治理提供基础数据。2018年在白马湖6个典型区域设定11个采样点，按月度采集湖泊水样，鉴定浮游动物种类，测定水体理化指标，解析浮游动物主要优势种的生态位，分析其生态相似性；采用K-优势度曲线法对浮游动物种（类）群进行排序，计算其生态位宽度值（Bi），并通过冗余分析（RDA）阐述其生态位分化状况。结果显示，白马湖浮游动物共出现20个优势种（类）群，春季（3-5月）和冬季（12-2月）浮游动物的多样性要高于夏季（6-8月）和秋季（9-11月）；K-优势度曲线表明，夏季整体趋势与全年趋势最为接近。依据浮游动物优势种（类）的生态位宽度值，可分为广生态位、中生态位和窄生态位三大种（类）群。广生态位种（类）群如针簇多肢轮虫、桡足幼体、无节幼体等在各个季节均出现，且在大部分站点都有较高的个体百分比，生态位宽度值全年均较高，表明这些种类的浮游动物生态适应能力较强；窄生态位种（类）群如懒轮虫、等刺异尾轮虫、褐砂壳虫等对环境的适应性较差，其丰度相对较小，且一年中分布不均匀，或只在个别季节少量出现。RDA分析表明，总氮、氨氮、p H和溶解氧对浮游动物...

Zooplankton Ecological Niche and Factors Affecting Ecological Differentiation in Baima Lake

Based on 12 zooplankton surveys conducted in Baima Lake from January to December 2018, the niche width()of dominant zooplankton species (groups) in the lake was calculated by using the K-dominance curve method, and the niche differentiation was studied by using the redundancy analysis (RDA). The results showed that there were a total of 20 dominant species (groups) in the lake. According to the niche width of the dominant species (groups) in the lake, the zooplankton could be divided into three types: wide niche groups, medium niche groups and narrow niche groups. The wide niche species (groups), such as Polyarthra trigla, Copepods, and Nauplius, all appeared in each season and had a high percentage of individuals in most of the stations, and the niche width values were high throughout the year, indicating that these species had strong ecological adaptability. Nnarrow-niche species (groups), such as Rotaria tardigrada,Trichocerca similis and Difflugia avellana, have poor adaptability to the environment. Their abundance is relatively small, and they are distributed unevenly throughout the year or appear only in a few seasons. RDA analysis showed that total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, pH and dissolved oxygen had a direct effect on the spatial and temporal ecological differentiation of zooplankton, while potassium permanganate had a direct effect on the spatial and temporal ecological differentiation of zooplankton. The effect of total phosphorus was the second.