水产动物营养与免疫研究进展

随着水产养殖集约化与规模化的发展,水产品为人类提供了大量优质食物蛋白质,为国家粮食安全、解决我国“三农”问题做出了重要贡献。长期研究实践证明,营养与饲料科技贡献在水产养殖中占有更加重要的地位。饲料组成不仅影响水产动物的营养,而且会影响水产动物的免疫与抗病能力,营养状况是决定水产养殖动物抵抗疾病的能力的重要因素之一。特别是在水产集约化、规模化养殖中,水产养殖动物面临着大量的应激,如：营养、环境因子等激烈变化,易诱发疾病,甚至死亡。反之,水产养殖动物的生理与健康状况也影响饲料的利用与代谢。营养和免疫的关系显著地影响着水产养殖生产,一直是大家关注的热点。在过去的5年中,水产动物营养与免疫方面的研究取得了重大进展,对蛋白质(氨基酸)、脂肪、碳水化合、维生素、矿物元素等多种必需营养素及其免疫、抗病能力等方面做了大量的研究。本文就营养与免疫相关的研究进展做一综述,以供参考。

Research progress in nutrition and immunity of aquatic animals

With the intensification and large-scale development of aquaculture, aquatic products provide human beings with a large amount of high-quality food protein, and importantly contribute to national food security and solving national problems related to agriculture, rural areas, and rural people. Long-term research and practice have proved that the contribution of nutrition and feed science and technology occupied a more important position in aquaculture. Feed composition not only affects the nutrition of aquatic animals, but also affects the immunity and disease resistance of aquatic animals. Nutritional status is one of the important factors that determine the ability of aquaculture animals to resist diseases. Especially in intensive and large-scale aquaculture, aquaculture animals face with a lot of stress, such as: drastic changes in nutrition and environmental factors, which are easy to induce disease and even death. Conversely, the physiology and health of aquaculture animals also affect feed utilization and metabolism. The relationship between nutrition and immunity significantly affects aquaculture production and has always been a focus of the attention. In the past five years, significant progress has been made in the research on nutrition and immunity of aquatic animals, such as protein (amino acids), fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and other essential nutrients, as well as their immunity and disease resistance. This article reviews the research progress on nutrition and immunity of aquatic animalsSin orderStoSbetterSprovideSaStheoreticalSreferenceSto for aquatic feed.