饲料中添加糖萜素对大菱鲆幼鱼体成分、消化酶活力、血脂及肠道组织结构的影响

为了探讨饲料中添加糖萜素对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼体成分、消化酶活力、血脂及肠道组织结构的影响,在6组基础饲料中分别添加0(D0)、25(D25)、50(D50)、75(D75)、100(D100)和200(D200)mg/kg糖萜素,实验期64 d。结果显示:各组间全鱼与背肌水分和粗蛋白含量无显著差异(P0.05);D100和D200组全鱼粗脂肪显著低于D0组(P0.05),D75组背肌粗脂肪显著高于D0组(P0.05),D200组背肌粗脂肪显著低于D0组(P0.05);D25和D50组全鱼粗灰分含量显著低于其他各组(P0.05),D200组显著高于D25~D75组(P0.05)。各组间饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸含量均不受饲料糖萜素添加水平的影响(P0.05);多不饱和脂肪酸除D75组,其他添加组均显著高于D0组(P0.05)。D200组甘油三酯和总胆固醇显著低于D0组(P0.05);D50组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇显著高于D0组(P0.05),D75~D200组显著低于D0组(P0.05);各组间低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量无显著差异(P0.05)。各添加组胰蛋白酶活性显著高于D0组(P0.05);D25~D75组脂肪酶显著高于D0组(P0.05);饲料中添加糖萜素对幼鱼肠道淀粉酶活性无显著影响(P0.05)。在石蜡组织切片中:D50组前肠微绒毛长度显著高于其他各组(P0.05);D50组黏膜厚度显著高于D200组(P0.05);D25~D100组皱襞高度显著高于D0、D200组(P0.05)。综合以上实验结果,饲料中添加50~75mg/kg糖萜素可提高背肌多不饱和脂肪酸含量、降低血脂、改善肠道生理环境。

Effects of saccharicterpenin-supplemented diets on body composition, activity of intestinal enzymes, blood lipid and intestinal histology of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)

A 64-day feeding tiral was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplemental saccharicterpenin in diets on body composition, activity of intestinal enzymes, blood lipid and intestinal histology of juvenile turbot, Scophthalmus maximus. Six isotrogenous and isolipidic practical diets was supplemented with six levels of saccharicterpenin, in which 0(D₀), 25(D₂₅), 50(D₅₀), 75(D₇₅), 100(D₁₀₀), 200(D₂₀₀) mg/kg saccharicterpenin were supplemented respectively. Results showed that: No significant difference was found in the moisture content and crude protein of whole fish and dorsal muscle(P>0.05). Crude lipid content of whole fish in D₁₀₀ and D₂₀₀ was significantly lower than that in D₀ group (P<0.05). Crude lipid content of dorsal muscle in D₇₅ was significantly higher than D₀ group (P<0.05). Crude ash of whole fish in D₂₅ and D₅₀ groups was significantly lower than that in other groups (P<0.05), and D₂₀₀ group was significantly higher than D₂₅, D₅₀ and D₇₅ groups (P<0.05). Saturated fatty acid content and monounsaturated fatty acid content of dorsal muscle had no significant difference in each group with the increasing dietary saccharicterpenin(P>0.05). Except D₇₅ group, other groups of polyunsaturated fatty acid content were significantly higher than D₀ group(P<0.05). Serum triglyceride and total-cholesterol concentration decreased with increasing dietary saccharicterpenin levels, but only D₂₀₀ was significantly lower than D₀ group(P<0.05). No significant difference was found in LDL-cholesterol concentration in all groups(P>0.05). Trypsin activities of the intestine first increased significantly then declined as dietary saccharicterpenin level increased(P<0.05). Lipase activities in D₂₅-D₇₅ groups were significantly higher than other groups (P<0.05). No-significant difference in the amylase activity of intestine was found between groups(P>0.05). Microvilli length in D₅₀ group exhibited obviously higher than D₀ group. Mucosal fold length of the foregut tissue showed a remarkable ascending trend from D₂₅ to D₇₅ group(P<0.05). No-significant difference in intestinal villi length was observed from D₀ to D₁₀₀ group(P>0.05), however, D₅₀ group was significantly higher than D₂₀₀ group (P<0.05). Therefore we can draw that saccharicterpenin addition can effectively increase polyunsaturated fatty acid content, decrease blood lipid, improve the digestive enzymes activities and intestinal histology of juvenile turbot.