稻草编织物覆盖对坡耕地红壤土壤侵蚀和养分流失的控制作用

采用田间小区试验,研究了稻草编织物覆盖在坡耕地红壤水土流失控制上的作用及其对玉米生长的影响。结果表明:在坡耕地红壤上,稻草编织物覆盖能有效抑制土壤侵蚀和养分流失,增加玉米产量。在种植玉米条件下,稻草编织物覆盖比无覆盖处理土壤的径流量和侵蚀量分别降低了38.40%和75.36%,比薄膜覆盖处理土壤的径流量和侵蚀量分别降低了15.41%和5.83%。稻草编织物覆盖侵蚀土壤流失的有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾分别占无覆盖处理流失量的12.04%,12.15%,12.11%和12.48%,薄膜覆盖处理则分别占无覆盖处理流失量的48.66%,52.55%,54.54%和53.37%。对坡耕地红壤地表径流、土壤侵蚀量和养分流失的控制作用效果为稻草编织物覆盖>薄膜覆盖>无覆盖。稻草编织物覆盖在降雨集中时期控制水土流失作用更为显著。稻草编织物覆盖和薄膜覆盖玉米产量分别比无覆盖处理增加8.05%和29.67%。

Function Control of Rice Straw Geotextiles Mulch on Upland Red Soil Erosion and Nutrient Loss

Filed trails were carried out to study the effects of rice straw geotextiles mulch on upland red soil erosion control and corn growth.The results showed that,rice straw geotextiles were increased maize yield and effective control soil erosion and nutrient loss on upland red soil.The total runoff and soil sediment of rice straw geotextiles mulch were decreased by 38.40% and 75.36% comparing with no mulching and were decreased by 15.41% and 5.83% comparing with the ploythene film mulch.The organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium of erosion soil loss of rice straw geotextiles mulch were occupied by 12.04%,12.15%,12.11% and 12.48% separately with no mulching.The organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium of erosion soil loss of the ploythene film mulch were occupied by 48.66%,52.55%,54.54% and 53.37% separately with no mulching.Effect function control of soil runoff,sediment and nutrient loss on upland red soil were: rice straw geotextiles mulch > polythene film mulch > no mulching.Functions of soil erosion control of rice straw geotextiles mulch were more remarkable difference during rainoff collect period.The maize yields of rice straw geotextiles mulch and ploythene film mulch were increased by 8.05% and 29.67% comparing with that of no mulching treatment