北京市中心城社区公园使用时空差异及成因分析——基于58个公园的实证研究

社区公园的使用存在时间与空间差异。已有很多学者对社区公园的使用情况、使用影响因素进行研究,但目前多以社区公园内部影响因素为切入点,对影响社区公园使用的外部因素的研究仍然较少,而外部因素往往会产生较大影响。本文以北京市中心城58个社区公园为研究对象,以腾讯宜出行游客签到大数据为基础,使用核密度估算分析和地理探测器的研究方法,分析社区公园使用的时空分布特征及其外部因素(步行可达性、车行可达性、人口密度及商业办公设施)的影响程度。研究表明:1)社区公园使用存在明显的时间变化规律。2)社区公园使用的空间分布呈现向中心区与东北部聚集的趋势。3)在4个外部影响因素中,步行可达性与社区公园使用关联性最强,人口密度及商业办公设施对社区公园使用的影响同样不可忽视,车行可达性对社区公园使用的影响并不显著。根据研究结果,我们建议在社区公园的建设中协调与周边用地的关系,并完善步行体系的建设。 

Spatial-temporal pattern and causes of the use of community parks in central city of Beijing: an empirical study based on 58 parks

Due to the influence of various factors, there are spatial and temporal variations in the use of community parks. There have been a large number of scholars who studied the usage and factors influencing the usage of community parks. Most scholars had chosen internal factors of the use of community parks as a starting point for their studies, whereas there are few studies focused on external factors. Nevertheless, external factors can make a great impact. Based on the study of 58 community parks in central Beijing, and the attendance data of travelers on "Yichuxing" APP by Tencent, using kernel density estimation together with GeoDetector methods, this study analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics, as well as the impact of external factors ( accessibility on foot, accessibility by car, population density and business and office facilities) on the use of community parks. The study showed that:1 ) there was an explicit and regular change over time on use of community parks;2 ) the use of the community parks appeared to intensify at the central and northeastern part of the parks; 3 ) among the four external factors, the accessibility on foot was the most relevant to the use of community parks;influence of population density and business and office facilities on the use of community parks cannot be ignored; however, impact of accessibility by car on the use of community parks was not significant. According to the results of the study, we propose to coordinate the construction of community parks with its surroundings as well as to improve the construction of the pedestrian system.