羊粪在豫西旱地烟田的矿化特征研究

为了明确羊粪有机肥在豫西丘陵旱地的养分释放规律,为豫西旱地烟田施用羊粪有机肥提供理论基础。于2019年采用尼龙网袋田间原位培养的方法,研究烟苗移栽前15 d结合起垄施入腐熟羊粪有机肥在洛阳烟田的碳氮矿化特征及其对土壤速效养分含量和腐殖酸组分的影响。结果显示羊粪有机肥在土壤掩埋0~15 d矿化速度缓慢,15 d后快速矿化,在75 d达到峰值,碳、氮矿化率占整个矿化掩埋期矿化量的87.81%和88.11%,75 d后矿化减弱,矿化率趋于平稳。随着羊粪有机肥掩埋天数的增加,土壤硝态氮、土壤速效磷和速效钾含量升高,土壤铵态氮含量降低,表明羊粪有机肥在矿化过程中有利于促进土壤的硝化作用,增强土壤的供肥能力；羊粪有机肥施入土壤还能促进土壤腐殖酸的形成和积累,在施入土壤60 d后,土壤腐殖酸、富里酸、胡敏酸的含量及胡富比较对照处理明显升高。因此在豫西烤烟旱作区,于移栽前15 d施入腐熟羊粪有机肥,其碳氮矿化规律与烤烟的需肥要求能够较好地吻合,且有利于改善烟田土壤质量。

Mineralization Characteristics of Sheep Manure in Hilly Tobacco Drylands of Western Henan

To clarify the nutrient release regularity of sheep manure-derived organic fertilizer in hilly dry land of western Henan and its fertilization effect on soil, provide theoretical basis for applying sheep manure-derived organic fertilizer in dryland tobacco field of western Henan. In 2019, we used nylon mesh bag in situ culture method to study the carbon and nitrogen mineralization characteristics of decomposed sheep manure-derived organic fertilizer, as well as its effects on soil available nutrient content and humus acid composition in Luoyang tobacco field, where the sheep manure-derived organic fertilizer was buried into the soil combined with field ridge at 15 days before the tobacco seedlings were transplanted. The results showed that the mineralization of sheep manure-derived organic fertilizer was slow in 0~15 days, and then rapid mineralization after 15 days, and mineralization rate reached the peak (the mineralization rate of carbon and nitrogen accounted for 87.81% and 88.11% of the total mineralization during the whole mineralization period) at 75 days, and the mineralization rate stabilized after 75 days. With the increase of buried days, the contents of soil nitrate nitrogen, soil available phosphorus and available potassium increased, while the contents of soil ammonium nitrogen decreased, indicating that the mineralization process of sheep manure organic fertilizer was beneficial to promote soil nitrification and enhance the nutrient supply capacity of soil. Sheep manure-derived organic fertilizer also promoted the formation and accumulation of humus acid in soil. After 60 days of application, the contents of soil humus acid, fulvic acid and humic acid and the ratio of H/F were significantly higher than those of the control treatment. Therefore, the regularity of carbon and nitrogen mineralization was in good agreement with the fertilizer requirements of flue-cured tobacco, which was also beneficial to improve the soil quality when sheep manure-derived organic fertilizer was applied 15 days before transplanting in the dry farming area of western Henan Province.