锦葵科植物在厦门城市园林中的应用

目的 明确中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园内毛束象危害的植物种类、危害程度、危害习性以及活动规律。 方法 采用定点观测的方法对园区内受毛束象危害的植物进行监测，并分析毛束象种群活动与气象因子的关系。 结果 毛束象主要危害锦葵科的木槿属、悬铃花属、秋葵属、翅果麻属、乔槿属及焚天花属的木本花卉植物，并以这些植物的嫩梢、枝条、花蕾、花瓣和叶片为食，造成受害植物长势衰退，观赏价值降低；毛束象对寄主植物不同高度的部位取食有显著差异(P<0.05)，其中以上部危害最大，虫量最多；一年中主要发生期为4—10月，有2个活动高峰期，即5月底和7月中旬，8月后毛束象种群急剧下降；在毛束象活动的高峰期，成虫的日活动节律与温度变化趋势相反，而与湿度的变化趋势相同，说明温湿度影响毛束象的日活动节律；毛束象种群动态与气象因子的相关性分析表明：毛束象种群变化与旬日照时间呈负相关，而与旬平均气温、旬最高气温、旬最低气温、旬相对湿度和旬降雨量呈正相关，毛束象的种群动态与旬最高气温的相关性极显著(P<0.01)，与旬平均气温和旬相对湿度的相关性显著(P<0.05)；主成分分析表明：旬平均气温、旬最高气温和旬最低气温是影响毛束象种群活动的主要气象因子。 结论 明确了毛束象危害锦葵科木本花卉植物的种类、危害特点、植物受害程度、主要的危害期以及影响毛束象种群动态的气象因子，为防治毛束象提供科学依据。

A new record of the family brachyceridae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) and a new species, Desmidophorus hebes (Fabricius), in Korea

Purpose In order to understand the mallow plants species which were damaged by Desmidophorus hebes Fabricius and its epidemic, harm and habits in Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden. Method We made long-term observations of the damages of D. hebes on Malvaceae shrub and analyzed the relationship between the D. hebes population dynamics and meteorological factors. Result D. hebes preferred to feed on woody tissues, buds, flowers and leaves from genera such as Hibiscus, Malvaviscus, Abelmoschus, Kydia, Bombycidendron, and Urena, resulting in a decline of plant growth and low ornamental value. Significant differences of feeding height on different host plant were discovered (P<0.05), but the upper parts of the host plants were harmed at most. The main harmful period occurred from April to October, with two harmful peaks at the end of May and mid-July. The daily population dynamics showed a negative correlation with temperature increase and positive correlation with humidity increase. The correlation analysis of population dynamics and meteorological factor showed that D. hebes population dynamic with the ten-day-sunshine was negative correlation, but positive correlation with average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, relative humidity, rainfall of ten days, and extreme significance (P<0.01) between population dynamics of D. hebes and average temperature of ten days, and significant correlation (P<0.05) with average temperature, relative humidity of ten days. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the average, maximum and minimum temperature of ten days were the main meteorological factors affected the population dynamics of the D. hebes. Conclusion This study provided a reference for the prevention of damages of D. hebes by localizing damaged areas on the plants and by showing how weather patterns can affect growth of the weevil population.