大口黑鲈北方亚种, 佛罗里达亚种及“优鲈3号”杂交F1子代生长性能及遗传多样性分析

文章以大口黑鲈 (Micropterus salmoides) 佛山群体和台湾群体为亲本，建立了佛山自交、台湾自交、正交子代 (佛山♀×台湾♂)、反交子代 (台湾♀×佛山♂) 4个试验群体，通过6个月的养殖试验，对其生长和形态差异进行了比较。结果显示，正反交子代的生长性能和体质量变异系数均高于2个亲代自交群体。形态分析结果表明，4个试验群体的形态差异主要集中于躯干的中部和尾部。前三主成分累计贡献率达92.9%，第一主成分贡献率为71.3%，主要反映躯体前、中部形态特征；第二主成分贡献率为16.6%，主要反映躯体后部特征。前二主成分因子得分散点图中4个群体重叠区域较小，可以完全区分。将可量性状和框架性状结合在一起所构建的逐步判定模型推测准确率最高 (86.7%~96.0%)。研究结果可为大口黑鲈佛山群体、台湾群体及其杂交子代的生长与形态鉴定提供基础数据。

Isolation and characterization of 40 SNP in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Taking Foshan and Taiwan populations of Micropterus salmoides as parents, we established four populations including Foshan inbreeding group (Foshan ♀×Foshan ♂), Taiwan inbreeding group (Taiwan ♀×Taiwan ♂), normal progeny (Foshan ♀×Taiwan ♂) and reciprocal progeny (Taiwan ♀×Foshan ♂) , and carried out a 6-month experiment, in order to compare their growth and morphological characteristics. Results show that the growth performance and coefficient of variation for body mass were significantly higher in the hybid groups than in the two inbred groups. The results of morphological analysis show that the morphological differences of the four populations were mainly in the middle part of trunk and tail. The contribution rate of the first three principal components was 92.9%, and that of the first principal component was 71.3%, mainly reflecting the morphological characteristics of the front and middle part of the body. The contribution rate of the second principal component was 16.6%, reflecting the characteristics of the tail region of fish body. In the scatter plot of the scores of the first two principal components, the four populations could be completely distinguished due to the low overlap area. The stepwise discriminant model constructed by combining measurable traits and frame traits showed the highest accuracy (86.7%–96.0%). The results provide references for the growth and morphological identification of hybrid families of M. salmoides from Foshan and Taiwan populations.