植物硼素营养研究现状及展望

目的研究叶面喷施硼肥对蓝莓产量及品质的影响。方法通过田间小区试验，测定6个硼肥施用量(0、0.15%、0.30%、0.45%、0.60%和0.75%)处理的蓝莓单株产量和果实品质指标(果实纵横径、果形指数、单果质量、果实硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、固酸比、花青素以及维生素C含量)。结果高水平的硼肥处理反而降低蓝莓产量及品质，适宜的硼肥施用量能较好地提高蓝莓单株产量、改善蓝莓果实品质。其中，0.30%硼肥施用量的处理效果最好，相较于CK (硼肥施用量为0)，单株产量增加7.67%、果实横径增加1.05%、纵径增加1.16%、单果质量增加6.67%；果实硬度增加4.53%、可溶性固形物含量增加1.31%、可滴定酸降低14.94%、固酸比提高18.72%、花青素含量及维生素C含量分别增加6.62%和13.43%。结论在蓝莓种植生产中，可在蓝莓的现蕾期至初花期以及果实膨大期，各喷施1次0.30%的硼肥以满足蓝莓树对硼营养的需求。

A boron deficiency dieback in highbush blueberry

PurposeTo study the effect of foliar application of boron fertilizer on the yield and quality of blueberries.MethodThrough field trials, study the effects of six boron fertilizer application amounts (0, 0.15%, 0.30%, 0.45%, 0.60% and 0.75%) on the yield per plant, fruit vertical and horizontal diameter, fruit shape index, single fruit quality, fruit firmness, soluble solids, titratable acid, soluble solids to acidity ratio, anthocyanin and vitamin C content.ResultsThe high-level boron fertilizer treatment reduced the yield and quality of blueberries. The proper concentration of boron fertilizer could improve blueberry plant yield and blueberry fruit quality. Among them, 0.30% boron fertilizer treatment had the best effect, compared with 0% boron fertilizer (CK) treatment, plant yield increased by 7.67%, fruit horizontal diameter increased by 1.05%, vertical diameter increased by 1.16%, and single fruit quality increased by 6.67%; fruit hardness increased by 4.53%, soluble solid content increased by 1.31%, titratable acid decreased by 14.94%, solid acid ratio increased by 18.72%, anthocyanin content and vitamin C content increased by 6.62% and 13.43%, respectively.ConclusionIn the blueberry planting and production, 0.30% boron fertilizer can be sprayed twice from the bud to the initial flowering stage and the fruit expansion stage of blueberries to meet the boron nutrition demand of blueberry trees.