Chicken-manure-derived biochar reduced bioavailability of copper in a contaminated soil |
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| Authors: | Sebastián Meier Gustavo Curaqueo Naser Khan Nanthi Bolan Mara Cea González María Eugenia Pablo Cornejo Yong Sik Ok Fernando Borie |
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| Institution: | 1.Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales,Universidad de La Frontera,Temuco,Chile;2.Scientifical and Technological Bioresource Nucleus,BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera,Temuco,Chile;3.Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR),University of South Australia,Mawson Lakes,Australia;4.School of Natural and Built Environments,University of South Australia,Mawson Lakes,Australia;5.Global Institute for Environmental Remediation (GIER),The University of Newcastle,Callaghan,Australia;6.Núcleo de Investigación en Energías Renovables, Dirección de Investigación,Universidad Católica de Temuco,Temuco,Chile;7.Korea Biochar Research Center & Department of Biological Environment,Kangwon National University,Chuncheon,Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | PurposeCopper (Cu) contamination has been increasing in land ecosystems due to economic development activities. Excessive amount of Cu in soils is toxic to both plants and microorganisms. Biochar (BC) is known to immobilize soil Cu. The objectives of this research were to investigate the effects of chicken-manure-derived BC (CMB) on Cu immobilization, and growth of native metallophyte Oenothera picensis in a Cu-contaminated soil.Materials and methodsA Cu-contaminated sandy soil (338 mg Cu kg?1) was spiked and equilibrated with additional Cu (0, 100, and 500 mg Cu kg?1). The spiked soil was then amended with CMB (0, 5, and 10 % w/w) and incubated for 2 weeks. The metallophyte was grown on these treatments under greenhouse conditions for 3 months. Pore water solutions were collected from the plant pots every 30 days. After the harvest, soil and pore water pH, soil Cu fractions, pore water Cu concentration, soil microbial activity, plant biomass weight, and Cu concentration in plant parts were determined.Results and discussionThe CMB increased the pH of soils and soil pore water, and probably also soil major nutrients. It reduced the exchangeable fraction of Cu but increased its organic matter and residual fractions. At the same time, it decreased the Cu concentration in the soil pore water. The CMB increased basal respiration and dehydrogenase activity. The CMB application produced up to three and seven times more root and shoot biomass, respectively. In addition, shoots accumulated lesser Cu than control but roots did more. Plants survived in soil that was spiked with 500 mg Cu kg?1, only when CMB dose was 10 %.ConclusionsThe CMB affected the Cu uptake in plant by altering the mobility, bioavailability, and spatial distribution of Cu in soils. The increase in available nutrients and decrease in Cu toxicity facilitated plant growth. The increased microbial activity probably also promoted the plant growth and reduced the Cu bioavailability. Therefore, CMB can be used to remediate Cu-contaminated soils. |
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