文冠果人工种群的果实表型多样性及其变异

以文冠果果实为研究对象,调查了研究区内44株文冠果果实的19个表型性状,利用变异系数、方差分析和相关分析研究了调查区内文冠果人工种群的变异情况。方差和变异系数分析结果表明,研究区内文冠果果实表型性状差异都极显著,并在不同个体之间存在很大的变异幅度。其中,单株结果量和种子产量变异最大(变异系数大于76%),其次是单果质量、单果种质量和单果仁质量(变异系数约30%),再次是单果出种数和果柄长度(变异系数大于20%),而种子长、种子宽、种形比和心室数变异较小(变异系数低于10%),种仁出油率变异最小(变异系数6.13%);单株间丰产性差异明显,并具有一定的遗传稳定性。相关性分析结果表明,文冠果人工种群果实不同性状的相关性不一样并差异显著,其中果长、果宽、果质量、种质量、仁质量、种子长、出种数、出种率、千粒质量和果柄粗的相关性强,与多个性状呈显著相关,而果形比、出仁率、结果量和种子产量与个别性状呈显著相关,果实心室数和果柄长相关性最弱,与所有性状相关性不显著。

Fruit Phenotypic Diversity and Variation of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Artificial Population

19 phenotypic characters of fruit were investigated for 44 Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge. The phenotypic variation was studied by using variance analysis, correlation analysis and variation coefficient. The results of variance analysis and variation coefficient analysis showed that the phenotypic characters of fruit were significantly different among individuals of X. sorbifolia, and had great variation in test area. Among 19 phenotypic characters, the variations in fruit number and seed yield were the biggest among different X. sorbifolia individuals and all theirs variation coefficients were over 76%, followed by fruit weight, seed weight and kernel weight with the variation coefficient about 30%, the seed number per fruit and stalk length with variation coefficient over 20%, whereas the characters of seed length, seed width, seed shape index and number of ventricle had smaller variation and their variation coefficients were less than 10%, the least variation was the oil yield of seed kernel and its variation coefficient was only 6.13%, which showed there was evident differences in fruit-bearing capacity for individuals of X. sorbifolia, and had determinate hereditary stability. The correlation analysis results indicated that the correlation of various phenotypic characters of fruit had significant differences. Among them, the correlations of characters for fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, seed weight, kernel weight, seed length, seed ratio, 1 000-seed weight and stalk diameter of fruit were strong, and significantly related to many phenotypic characters, whereas the characters of fruit shape index, kernel ratio of seed, fruit number and seed yield were only significantly related to a few phenotypic characters, but the correlation of characters for number of ventricle and stalk length was weak and hardly related to any phenotypic characters of fruit. The genetic diversity of fruit phenotypic characters and their significant differences among X. sorbifolia individuals would play an important role in its elite tree selection and breeding.