肥料运筹对贵紫4号小麦生理特征及产量的影响

本试验从特色小麦高产栽培技术出发,以贵紫4号优质小麦为材料,在全生育期N、P、K比例一致的前提下,设计不同的肥料用量处理,比较分析肥料运筹对紫色小麦生理特征及产量的影响,结果表明,在0～270 kg/hm~2施肥范围内,肥料能显著提高小麦植株的干物质积累量、植株氮素积累量、叶绿素含量、根系活力、叶片硝酸还原活性和籽粒产量;在相同的底追肥比例条件下,将施肥量从225 kg/hm~2增加至270 kg/hm~2,植株的干物质积累量和叶绿素含量增加,根系活力和叶片硝酸还原酶活性增强,但处理间植株氮素积累量及籽粒产量无显著差异。本实验条件下,施肥量为225 kg/hm~2且于拔节期和穗期深施追肥是协调贵紫4号小麦植株养分总量供应与时段分配、调控小麦产量与肥料供应之间矛盾的重要手段。

The Effects of Fertilizer Application Operation on Physiology and Yield of Wheat

The test based on high-yield characteristics of wheat cultivation technology,taking Guizi-4 as the tested material,designed different fertilizer application disposing,analysised and compared the effect of fertili- zation on physiological characteristics and yield of wheat,at the premise of N,P,K on consistent ratio in the whole growth period.The result showed that application in a range of 0 -270 kg/hm2 significantly increased dry matter accumulation of wheat,nitrogen accumulation,chlorophyll content,root vigor,leaf nitrate reductase activity and yield.Under applying Nitrogen Fertilizer in the same proportion as base and top-dress fertilizer, and increasing the nitrogen amount from 225 kg/hm~2 to 270 kg/hm~2,the dry matter accumulation and chloro- phyU content will increase,roots vigor and leaf nitrate reductase activity will strengthen,but the nitrogen accu- mulation of a plant and the yield is not obviously different in the same treatment.In this experimental condi- tion,applying 225 kg/hm~2 nitrogen in the jointing stage is the major way to coordinate nutrient supply and time allocation,to regulate and control the contradiction between the yield and physiological regulation of wheat.