土壤pH和不同酸化土壤改良剂对苹果果实品质的影响

摘 要：由于长期大量使用化肥，许多老苹果产区果园土壤呈现酸化趋势。为了科学评价土壤酸化及其改良对苹果果实品质的影响，本文通过研究不同酸化苹果园果实品质的差异，以及施用几种酸化土壤改良剂对土壤pH等土壤性状和苹果果实可溶性固形物等果实品质因素的影响，运用综合评价模型综合分析了土壤pH对果实综合品质影响。结果表明，果实单果重、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、果皮色泽和果实风味五项指标与土壤pH的相关系数分别为0.9711、0.9548、0.9629、0.9842和0.9494，均大于r0（r0=0.9500），呈显著相关。而果形指数和可滴定酸受土壤pH的影响较小，未达显著水平。土壤酸化明显降低果实品质。以使用过的大豆油脱色剂膨润土、豆油渣和有机质为主要成分的自制有机肥可明显提高土壤pH，并显著提高果实综合品质。

Effects of soil pH and some meliorators of acidified soil on fruit qualities of apples (Mulus domestica)

Some kinds of soil in Shandong age-old apple production area are becoming acidified with more and more fertilizer application.In order to evaluate the effects of acidified soil and its modification on fruit quality,some Fuji apple orchards were used to study the effects of acidified soil and some acidified soil modifiers on apple fruit quality and soil characters,and thereby analyze the effects of soil pH on comprehensive fruit quality with statistical modern.The results showed that the relative coefficient between soil pH and fruit single weight,total soluble solid content,soluble sugar content,skin red color and fruit flavor were 0.9711,0.9548,0.9629,0.984 and 0.9494 respectively ,all of which were bigger than r 0 （ r 0 =0.9500 ）.It is proposed that orchard soil acidification not only decreases apple yield but also reduces fruit quality.Some new acidified soil modifiers,such as that used in this study with used Bentonite and some organic materials as the main components,were showed to not only increase soil pH value but also improve apple qualities.